43 Neurocirurgia Flashcards

1
Q

When neurosurgical procedures are performed in the sitting position, blood pressure should be corrected to the level of the external auditory meatus and mean arterial pressure (MAP) should be maintained at ______ in normotensive adults.

A

60 mmHg

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2
Q

Qual a PPC alvo para as primeiras 45-72h pos TCE em adultos?

A

60-70mmHg

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3
Q

Como é a curva de relacao Volume-Pressao no espaço intracraniano

A

The plateau phase occurring at low volumes reveals that the intracranial space is not com- pletely closed, which confers some compensatory latitude.

  • Quando os mecanismos compensatorios sao vencidos, ha ↑importante da PIC mesmo com pouco ↑Volume
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4
Q

A compensação do aumento de volume intracranisano acontece por que mecanismos principais? (2)

A

Translocacao de LCE e sangue venoso, para o espaço espinhal e veias extracraniais, respectivamente.

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5
Q

Quais as principais variáveis que podem interagir ou agravar a HIC (4)

A
  • Celula - neuronios, glia, tumores, sangue extravasado
  • Fluido - intracelular e intersticial
  • LCE
  • Sangue
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6
Q

A partir dos principais compartimentos que podem causar ↑PIC, como o Anestesista pode influenciar em cada um deles?

A

1) Sangue: ↓FSC e otimizar drenagem venosa cerebral

  • ↑Pressao VA ou Intra-Toracica,
  • ↑Pressao Venosa Jugular,
  • ↑PaCO₂,
  • ↓PaO₂,
  • Anestesicos,
  • Vasodilatadores

2) Volume LCE

  • Drenagem

3) Intracelular e Intersticial

  • Diureticos

4) Celular

  • Cirurgia
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7
Q

Qual o efeito da obstrucao de retorno venoso em um paciente com hematoma intracerebral em relacao a PIC?

A

Bilateral jugular compression was applied briefly to verify the function of a newly placed ventriculostomy. The ICP response illustrates the importance of maintaining unobstructed cerebral venous drainage.

Com a obstrucao do RV, nao ocorre resposta compensatoria adequada e a PIC se eleva mesmo com pressoes normais

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8
Q

Como desobstruir o Retorno Venoso na HIC?

A
  • Posicionamento
  • Pressao intratoracica
  • BNM
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9
Q

Em que situacao de excecao, o VSC pode aumentar conforme a vasculatura dilata em resposta a uma diminuicao súbita do FSC?

A

Isquemia causada por hipotensao

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10
Q

Despite the vasodilatory potential of both N2O and volatile anesthetics, experience dictates that both, with the latter in concentrations less than the minimum alveolar concentra- tion (MAC), can be used in most elective and many emer- gent neurosurgical procedures when administered as part of a balanced anesthetic technique in combination with opioids.

  • V ou F
A

Verdadeiro

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11
Q

Although inhaled anesthetics are entirely acceptable components of most anesthetics for neurosurgery, in circumstances in which ICP is persistently increased or the surgical field is persistently “tight,” N2O and volatile anes- thetics should be replaced by intravenous anesthetics.

  • Quais sao essas situacoes? (3)
A
  • Paciente com papiledema e sonolento ou com vômitos
  • Grande massa tumoral
  • Compressao de cisternas basais
    TCE com massa em expansão OU sulcos e cisternas obliteradas na TCl

Because both N2O and volatile anesthetics can be vasodilators in some circumstances, when the compensatory latitude of the intracranial space has been exhausted and physiology is abnormal, omit- ting them on a just-in-case basis may be prudent.

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12
Q

Checklist de HIC “Tight Brain”: (4)

A
  1. As pressoes relevantes foram controladas?
  2. A Taxa Metabolica for controlada?
  3. Algum vasodilatador potencial em uso?
  4. Existe alguma lesao em massa nao reconhecida?
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13
Q

Induction of hypocapnia was once a routine part of the management of intracranial neurosurgical procedures.

  • Qual o problema desta abordagem?
A
  • Efeito vasoconstrictor da hipocapnia pode causar isquemia
  • Efeitos de ↓FSC e ↓PIC nao sao sustentados por períodos prolongados
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14
Q

Efeitos da Hipocapnia induzida em um cerebro normal

A
  • Pouco efeito deleterio
  • Reduzir no maximo ate 22-25mmHg
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15
Q

Efeitos da Hipocapnia induzida em um cerebro com lesao

A

Pode causar isquemia, especialmente se o FSC é baixo (comum nas primeiras 24h apos lesao cerebral)

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16
Q

Em que situacao a Hiperventilacao / Hipocapnia é utilizada na neurocirurgia?

A
  • Terapia de resgate, quando a herniadas é iminente ou em progresso, ou quando as condicoes do campo cirurgico estao dificultando a cirurgia