Cycle 4 - Flashcard Set 2
What is Borderline Personality Disorder?
A diagnosis that refers to a pervasive pattern of instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image or identity, effects, and marked impulsivity.
Why is BPD challenging to diagnose?
Due to the limited time for clinicians to conduct a comprehensive assessment of personality disorders, and the co-occurrence of other psychiatric diagnoses that may take the initial focus of attention.
How many criteria do BPD individuals need to meet?
Five of nine criteria in addition to the general criteria for a personality disorder.
What are the three core symptom domains of BPD?
Emotion dysregulation, disturbed relatedness, and behavioral dysregulation.
What is emotion dysregulation in BPD individuals?
Wild shifts in emotion, including difficulties with anger, constant feelings of anger, and outbursts, and it is one of the core symptom disruptions in people with BPD.
What are some emotion regulation strategies that BPD individuals tend to engage in?
Suppression, rumination, and avoidance, which are associated with potentially harmful behaviors such as self-harm and substance use.
What are the familial, genetic, and biological risks to BPD?
Prevalence of certain psychiatric diagnoses, such as major depression, social anxiety disorder, alcohol dependence, and trauma and stress-related disorders in people with BPD and their relatives.
What is the role of stress in the neurobiology of BPD?
Crucial, as people with BPD have a childhood history of trauma or maltreatment, and stress can make an impression on genes and affect biology.
What is the theory of emotion dysregulation in BPD?
The theory is that the neural systems that represent the intensity of emotions might be dysregulated, leading to hypersensitivity to emotional experience and difficulty regulating emotions.
Which brain region is associated with the subjective experience of emotion in people with BPD?
The insular cortex.
Do people with BPD have difficulty interpreting neutral facial expressions?
Yes, research suggests that they may perceive them as more ambiguous and potentially threatening.
Which brain regions show less connectivity in adolescents with BPD traits?
The amygdala and anterior cingulate cortex.
Do people with BPD make more errors in recognizing highly arousing negative emotional expressions?
Yes, they make more errors in recognizing expressions such as anger and disgust.
Do people with BPD see sad faces as fearful faces?
Yes, people with BPD and their relatives are more likely to perceive sad faces as fearful faces.
What is the cyber ball task used for in studying people with BPD?
To study social exclusion and rejection sensitivity.
Does stigma reinforce the social perceptions of people with BPD?
Yes, stigma may reinforce the social perceptions of people with BPD as not being included in society and social interactions.
What is the theory of emotion dysregulation in BPD?
The theory is that the neural systems that represent the intensity of emotions might be dysregulated, leading to hypersensitivity to emotional experience and difficulty regulating emotions.
What is the difficulty that people with BPD may face when interpreting neutral facial expressions?
They may perceive them as more ambiguous and potentially threatening.
What do brain imaging studies show about adolescents with BPD traits?
They show less connectivity between the amygdala and anterior cingulate cortex, brain regions involved in emotion perception and regulation.
What kind of emotional expressions do people with BPD have difficulty recognizing?
Highly arousing negative emotional expressions, such as anger and disgust.
What are people with BPD more likely to perceive sad faces as?
Fearful faces.
What is the role of the frontal cortex in people with BPD?
Higher levels of activation in the frontal cortex, specifically parts involved in mentalizing, are found in people with BPD.
What is the potential significance of increased activity in the anterior singulate cortex in people with BPD?
Increased activity during social exclusion in the anterior singulate cortex in people with BPD may represent greater feelings of social pain.
What are some common deficits in attention and executive functions in people with BPD?
BPD is linked to ADHD and learning disorders, with deficits in attention and executive functions.
