Skills of acquisition Flashcards
what are open skills?
Skills that are affected by the environment, may require the performer to adapt, can be externally paced and require decisions to be made
Examples of open skills
Attackers, defenders, weather, time
What are closed skills
Skills that aren’t affected by the environment, habitual, involve a set movement and tends to be self paced
Examples of closed skills
Golf swing. start of a run, trampolining
What are gross skills?
Involve large muscle groups, little concern for precision, may nvoleve fundamental movements of walking
Examples pf gross skills
Rugby tackle, jumping, walking and running
What are fine skills?
Involves smaller muscle groups and involve accuracy and emphasise hand coordination
examples of fine skills?
Badminton serve, snooker shot, putting in golf
What are discrete skills?
Have a clear beginning and end, repeatable, but performer must stop and start again. single and specific
Examples of discrete skills
Tennis start, shot put, javelin throw and somersaults
Whats a serial skill?
Movement skills that have a number of discrete elements put together in a definite order to make a movement or sequence. ( a group of discrete skills)
Examples of serial skills?
Bowling in cricket, kick in football, ballet dancer and boxing punch and combination
Whats a continuous skill?
Movements with no clear beginning or end, the end of one cycle of movement is the beginning of the next. Involves repletion of the same movement to make sense.
Examples of a continuous skill
Swimming front Crawl, jogging, skipping and walking
What are self paced skills?
Performer controls the rate at which the skill is executed and normally proactive. Closed skills
Examples of self paced skills
Tennis match serve, corner kick, golf swing and javelin
What are externally paced skills
The environment controls the rate at which the skill is performed, reactive and open skill
Examples of externally paced skills
Iceskating, dancing, aerobics and gymnastics
What is a simple skill
Few decisions to be made, usually/ taught or learnt. may be repetitive in nature
Examples of simple skills
throwing, running, catching, jumping
What is a complex skill
A skill that a lot of decision are to be made, normally have to be learnt in stages
Examples of a complex skill
Serving in tennis, throwing discus, vault in gymnastics, lay up shot in basketball
What is a low organisation skill
made up of sub routines that can be easily separated by themselves and practiced
examples of low organisation skills
conversion kicks, penalties
what is a high organisation skill?
Nit easily broken down in sub routines, difficult to separate without disrupting skills. Practiced as a whole
Examples of a high organisation skill?
Golf swing, high jump, breast stroke, running
What are the 6 classification of skill continua?
Environmental influences
Musucular involvement
Pacing
Organisation
Difficulty
Continuity
What are the extremes of each of the 6 continua?
Open/closed Gross/fine High/low organisation Externallu/internally Simple/complex Discrete/serial/continous
What is a practical example of an open skill?
Passing a football, dribbling in hockey
What is a practical example of a closed skill?
Gymnastic vault, archery (not affected by environment)- habitual, self paced
What is an example of a self paced skilL?
High jump, penalty in football (normally closed)
What is an example of an externally paced skill?
Rugby tackle, passing in netball- environment dictates, usually open
What is an example of a gross skill?
Rugby tackle, weight lifting
What is an example of a fine skill?
Archery, shooting, darts
What is an example of a discrete skill?
Rugby pass- clear beginning and end
What is an example of a serial skill?
Triple jump, basketball lay up
What is an example of a continuous skill?
Cycling, no clear beginning and end
What is an example of a high organisation?
Forward roll, badminton serve (can’t easily be broken down int sub routines)
What is an example of low organisation skills?
Front crawl, tennis serve- can easily be broken down into sub routines
What is an example of a simple skill?
100m sprint- little decisions to be made
What is an example of a complex skill?
Passing in netball/hockey
What is a task analysis?
When a coach places one skill on the six continua to see how they can teach the skill front crawl ei- closed mi- gross p-self paced (except for start) C- Continous o- low d-simple
How could the front crawl coach use the 6 continua as an analysis?
As it is a continous skill, distributed practice is best
Closed- coach should use a fixed practice environment
Gross- power rather than accuracy
Low org- can be broken down into part praxtice0 whole any (reduce complexity for beginners)
Simple- little dsicions so coach knows can give more info without overloading learner
