Agression Flashcards
What are the causes of agression?
Event importance cues triggers from the environment innate (can’t help) retailiation to an incident nature of the game copying behaviour frustration poor performancd
What is aggression?
Aggression is defined as any behaviour that is intended to harm another individual by physical or verbal means -bull
What are the two categories of aggression?
Hostile (goal) and channelled aggression/assertion (instrumental)
What is hostile aggression?
outside the rules and an attempt to harm
What is channelled aggression?
Does not attempt to harm an opponent
within the laws and spirit of the game
involved forceful, robust functional play
chief aim is the successful completion of task
parents (1987£ non/ hostile self protective mastery behaviour
example- fair but strong rugby tackle
What is instinct theory?
trait biological drive fight for survival sport is a challened agression gives a catharsis release
What are the positives of instinct theory?
aggression does seem natural
aggression is hard to control therefore might be
some are consistently aggressive- pre determined
predictable in some people
some people are commonly aggressive- a trait
people do exepreicne catharism- when aggression related different person
What are the negatives of instinct theory?
not all people- hard to determine
numerous cultures that are not aggressive
simplistic model- basic
highly generalise- high generalisations- sterotypes
aggression does have environemntally stimuli
aggression copied- vicarious
can be provoked
people are capable to unlearn aggression
What is the social learning theory?
leanring through modelling can be taught
role of experience
what are the positives of social learning?
its strong
people react differently because of different social conditioning
helps to explain environmental requirements for aggressive behaviour
considers roles of others and parents
it gives responsibility to people- instint is inherited
people become less aggressive over time
What are the negatives of social learning?
ignores traits
it doesn’t state specifically which cues lead to aggression
doesn’t consider why people do different things in same situation- different responses
What is the frustration aggression hypothesis ?
dollars theory, suggests aggression is all about a goal being blocked
when this drive to succeed is always blocked ti alway leads to frustration
always lead to aggression
if aggression is successful- leading closer to goal
relate of catharsis. the action of aggression aim at aching to achieve
if aggression is resulted in bad behaviour- returns to punishment, returns to frustration- cyclical catastrophe
What are the positives of frustration agression hypotheiss?
more realistic than social learning theory
goal blocking is evident in sport- some people dont succeed
catharsis does occur- be evident
link frustration and aggression- prevent or limit it identify it
coaches can manage aggression
What are the negatives of the frustration agression hypothesis?
frustration doesn’t always= aggression
have frustration without aggression- silent
aggression is often learned in people
unpunished aggression does not always equal catharsis- dont all have catharsis release
ignores traits/personality
goal blocking does not always lead to frustration
What is the aggressive cue hypothesis?
an environmental q leads to an increase in arousal, when arousal goes up- no aggressive q present (no object)- decreased aggressive tendency to be aggressive
with an aggressive q- presence of a hockey stick
tendency for aggression goes up
What are the positives of the aggressive cue hypothesis?
aggressive cue might eb a person- nature of the game/hockey stick
explains environment
explains nature of environmental influence- specifically aggressive cue
also states aggressive cues are individual- for me are you are different to one another
explains why frustration doesn’t always lead to aggression as aggressive cue might not be there
What are the negatives of aggressive cue hypothesis ?
people do get aggressive without cues
very complex- the people are different
ignores traits
What is an exsample of aggressive cue hypothesis?
A tennis player experiences high levels of srosual because of poor performance (frustration) and the improve makes a perceived unfair call (environmental cue) the tennis player may become aggressive (racket abuse or verbally abusing umpires)
Why should agression be eliminated from sport?
Optimises performance allows for better concentration and tram cohesion. Hill (2000) confirms no evidence to suggest aggressive behaviour improves sport
How can agression be eliminated?
Lower arousal- cognitively- lower arousal reducing the importance of a game
tennis player calms down when angry about losing a point saying it doesn’t matter
somatic/physical- physically relax or take deep breaths
cognitive- imagery or mental rehearsal
attentional control/ blocking out distraction
punish/ use negative feedback
educate- make clear consequences of agression
removal/ remo se agression
reinforce non agression
what is instrumental?
within the rules, intent to perform the skill but harm is a bike product. bouncer in a cricket objective to aim at cricketer but not harm
what is assertion?
robust play, within the rules no intent to harm
what is assertion?
robust play, within the rules no intent to harm
