Pre- industrial Britain

Question 1

What are the seven social and cultural factors?

Answer 1

Social class, Gender, Transport, Time, Money, Law and order, Education and literacy

Question 2

How did social class influence the characteristics an pastimes of sport for lower class?

Answer 2

Peasants played mob football and took part in prize fighting.

Question 3

What was mob football for lower class?

Answer 3

It was seen as cruel and violent, little and unwritten rules. Played occasionally on feast days and Holy days
Violent- unchristian
mass game
pigs bladder passed to town

Question 4

What part did the lower class play in more common sports?

Answer 4

Peasants would fight in prize fighting contests and compete in pedestrianism Races.
Would play cricket and role would be bowler.
knuckle fighting

Question 5

How did social class influence the characteristics an pastimes of sport for Higher class?

Answer 5

Gentry played real tennis
real tennis had expensive equipment
often took a few days so the lower class couldn’t compete
had complex rules, meant the lower class couldn’t compete as they couldn’t read and write
expensive faculties- may have had to travel to hampden court- also why lower class coukdnt particpate

Question 6

What was real tennis for higher class?

Answer 6

Was sophisticated, had complex written rules (why lower class couldn’t take part). Would take place regularly, used expensive purpose built facilities

Question 7

What part did the Higher class play in more common sports?

Answer 7

Gentry would act as patrons or sponsors for the participating peasants, contributed ‘purse’ (prize money.
Gentry played cricket their role was batsman
pedestrianisem- they were the betters on their foot men who used to run along side them

Question 8

How and why did the higher class develop real tennis?

Answer 8

They were wealthy and educated and had transport and more free time, which allowed them to develop more sophisticated activities like real tennis
so lower class couldn’t particpate- had a lot of free time

Question 9

How did Gender influence the characteristics and pastimes of sport?

Answer 9

expected to fulfil traditional roles of women- stay at home and care
Women were seen as the weaker sex, they were expected to behave in a certain way.
only really modest sports they could take part in that didn’t reveal themselves in anyway.
for lower class women- took part in smock racing
the higher class women- took part in archery, thinfs which took precision and less strength more elegant

Question 10

What activities did some women do?

Answer 10

Peasant women could take part in activities such as smock racing at country wakes/fairs.
upper class women could participate in archery/ horse riding

Question 11

How did Law and order influence the characteristics an pastimes of sport?

Answer 11

Limited law and order which is reflected in the activities.
Peasants more likely took part in violent sport, mob football and shin kicking
Cruel blood sports such as animal baiting with dogs attacking other animals
no law- nothing was illegal thus meant mob football was still allowed.
no rspca- so animal hunting was still allowed

Question 12

law and order background?

Answer 12

before the police in 1829 there was little law and order in pre industrial Britain. Law and justice was administered by landowners and upper class gentry. peasants had to obey their land owning masters

Question 13

How did education and literacy influence the characteristic of pre industrial sports and pastime`?

Answer 13

Rules of the peasants were simple and unsophisticated; mob football. Unlimited playing area and unlimited team sizes. therefore they couldnt participate in other sports like real tennis. Their sports were more cruel and violent. Only rule In mob football; do not murder
The Gentry’s could read and write which meant their sports had more complex rules; real tennis. The gentry played sports which were more civilised.

Question 14

Education and literacy background?

Answer 14

Education was reserved for the upper class gentry, most peasants were illterate.

Question 15

How did time effect social class?

Answer 15

the lower class had leas time and worked long hours on land
festivals/ holy days activities- whole village
ones that were based around public houses
activities had to be short in duration less time- as real tennis longer
upper class had more time- longer duration- fox hunting

Question 16

How did time effect sport for lower class?

Answer 16

Little free time, limitd to festivals on holy days
Other actives were based around the village pub
Not as good

Question 17

How did time effect the higher class?

Answer 17

More free time, so standard was better and could regularly take part in sports; real tennis and hunting, fox hunting would last all day

Question 18

How did money effect sport?

Answer 18

Peasants were poor with no income, upper class inherited their wealth and could afford lavish, luxury items. Higher class could pay for expensive equipment; expensive horses

Question 19

How did little money for peasants effect sport?

Answer 19

Activities like swimming, bathing in lakes rives and mob football were cheap, simple and used the natural environment they would wear everyday clothing when participating

Question 20

Why was wagering important?

Answer 20

Important for higher and lower class as for gentry’s opportunity to show off their wealth and for the peasants it was an opportunity to make quick money and go from ‘rags to riches’

Question 21

How did transport effect sport?

Answer 21

Transport was poor as poor road network, no invention of the steam engine. sports and pastimes were local
gentry- horse and carriage
walking- peasants
roads were appalling creating things loval

Question 22

Transport for lower class?

Answer 22

Mob football was played in local teams, had to walk to events local to their village such as royal Shrovetide football in Derbyshire. As they didn’t travel very far had different rules in every area, teams couldn’t play eachother. It was played between local villages

Question 23

Transport fr higher class?

Answer 23

Had access to horse and carriage so could travel further, more opportunity

Question 24

How did transport become the basis of some sports?

Answer 24

Walking became pedestrianism, horse riding became horse racing
Upper class built their own facilities at home to avoid travelling on poor roads, built their own real tennis courts (Hampden court in London)

Question 25

What were some of the characteristics for lower class sports?

Answer 25

Simple activities for simple people
violent and cruel
no rules/non-codifeid only rule do not commit manslaughter
wagering/gambling

Question 26

Name some sports that the lower class participated in?

Answer 26

Mob football
prize fighting
dog fighting

Question 27

What were some of the characteristics of the upper class sports?

Answer 27

Codfied to make sure that the sport essentially only owned to them
expensive equipmenet
sophisticated matching their ethos and aristocracy
violent and cruel-reflection of the time
wagering and gambling

Question 28

Name some sports the upper class partipcated in?

Answer 28

Fox hunting
prize fighting
real tennis- normally in big arenas so more money
cock fighting- 2 hens attacking each other

Question 29

What are some sports that both classes participated in?

Answer 29

pedestrianism- the aristocracy butlers and footmen used to race against eahcother
cricket- the upper class and lower class used to sometimes meet in the pubs, the lower class were the players and the upper class were the gentlemen ammeters (the upper class saw being paid as vulgar)

Question 30

How did the gender for the upper class match their characteristics?

Answer 30

Played sports like archery which matched the skillfulness rather than the power, less vigorous

Question 31

How did gender for the lower class match their characteristic?

Answer 31

the lower class women again were restricted needed money, take prt in smock racing to try and win one of the upper class smocks

Question 32

How did law and order represent the time?

Answer 32

Executions were normal in those time to be watched, represented the animal baiting sports, shin knuckle, bare knuckle fighting reflects the time

Question 33

How did education have an impact for the upper class?

Answer 33

As they could read and write and attend schools they had an advantage and often deliebraltey wrote codified rules in their sport so theyncould only participate

Question 34

How did the characteristics of law and order have an effect on the lower class?

Answer 34

Didn’t read and write if they did only simple verbal use, mob football reflection of this only 1 rule, no schools for the lower class

Question 35

How did time and money affect participation for the lower class?

Answer 35

as they needed to work non-stop often only played on bank holidays and feast and holy days 2- times a way
peasants worked long and exhausting hours, no appetite to play
entreating

Question 36

How did time and money affect the upper class?

Answer 36

They had lots of free time, landowners didn’t need to work

Question 37

How did transport make a difference for the upper class?

Answer 37

They could travel to neighbouring or even further villages by horse and carriage as could afford
often road networks were very bad so still at a disadvantage

Question 38

How did transport have an effect on the lower class?

Answer 38

Walked only to neighbouring billages- keeping local

Question 39

What were some entertaining sports for the lower class?

Answer 39

Pig catching, often confined with villages as local due to shortage of transport

Question 40

Name the 4 points that dominant social class?

Answer 40

Sport was divided into class, the upper class and the lower class
some activities represented the types of people who would participate in them
different classes have different roles within the sport
social class was influenced by time and money and free time

Question 41

What is the main point of gender?

Answer 41

gender was discrimianted there was lots of gender discrimination as sport was male dominated

Question 42

What is the main point of education and literacy?

Answer 42

Due to the widespread of illertacy the lower class couldn't read and write and had few and simple unwritten rules
the upper class were educated had complex, sophisticated and written rules

Question 43

What are the main points of money?

Answer 43

The lower class were in poverty so had little money to participate this is why their sports were simple , cheap natural and unsophisticated using a lot of environmental faculties 
the upper class had more money so could afford expensive equipemne , using specialist clothing and purpose built facilities

Question 44

what are the charterisitcs of upper class sport?

Answer 44

Time bounding- didn’t want lower class to take part
rule bounding
frequent

Question 45

what are the characteristics of lower?

Answer 45

Infrequenet
rural
agrarian countries
occupational sports- pedestrianism
unlimited team size
force based
occasional simple

Question 46

what are the simple characteristics of pre industrial

Answer 46

Freudal based
again society
2 based system of society
limited middle class