energy for exercise Flashcards
What is Atp?
Made up of one adenosine molecule and 3 phosphate groups held together by bonds of chemical energy. only immediately usefu form of energy stored in our bodies- readily available as its stored in the muscle cell
What is at pase?
Breaks down the bond between the last 2 phosphate groups which releases energy that us used to make the muscle cell contract and the movement
What is a coupled reaction?
Where products of one reaction are used in another, it can be broken down then resyentheised
Body can only store a small amount of tap (85g) lasting 2 seconds, to maintain exercise beyond 2 seconds atp is restored.
How does atp resynetheiss happen?
3 energy systems atp/pc, glycolytic or aerobic
Energy systems don’t work severalty
What type of reaction is atp/pc?
Anaerobic reaction
What chemical/food is used for atp?
phosphocreatine
Where does atp site of reaction?
Sarcoplasm
What are the controlling enzymes for atp/pc?
Creatine kinase
What is the energy yield for atp?
1 mole of atp
What is the energy equation for atp?
Pc- p+c+ energy
(exothermic)
Energy+ adp+ p- Atp (endothermic)
What is the intensity like for atp?
Very high
How long is the duration for atp?
2-10 seconds
What are the strengths of atp/pc?
No delay for 02 Pc readily available in muscle cell simple and rapid breakdown Provides energy quicklu No faitguing- by products
What are the weakness fo atp/Pc?
Low atp yield and small pc stores lead to rapid fatigue after 8-10 seconds
What type of reaction is the glycolytic system?
Anaerobic
What is the chemical food used for glycolytic system?
Glycogen
Where is the glycolytic system site?
Sarcoplasm
What are the controlling enzymes for glycolytic system?
Glycogen
Phosphorylase
phosphofructokinase
lactate degydrogenase
What is the energy yield for glycolytic system?
2 mole of ATP
What are the specific stages for glycolytic system?
Glucose undergoes aerobic glycolysis
pyretic acid/without 02- lactic acid
What are the energy equations for glycolytic system?
C6H12 06- 2C3 H6 O6
What by products are formed from glycolytic system?
Lactic acid
What is the intensity of exercise for glycolytic system?
High intensity
What is the duration of the system for glycolytic system?
Up to 3 minutes
What are the strengths for glycolytic system?
No delay for 02
Large fuel stores in liver, muscles and blood stream
provides energy for high- intensity activities for up to 3 minutes
lactic acid can be recycle into fuel for further energy production
What are the weaknesses for glycolytic system?
Fatiguing by product lactic acid reduces ph and enzyme activity
relatively low atp yield and recovery can be length
What type of reaction is the aerobic system?
aerobic
What type of chemical/ food is used for aerobic system
glycogen/ glucose or fat
What is the site of reaction for aerobic?
Stage 1= sacroplasm
stage 2= Krebs cycle- matrix
stage 3- Cristae
What are the controlling enzymes for aerobic?
Phosphofructokinase
acetyl-CoA
What is the energy yield for aerobic system?
38 Moles of Atp
What are the specific stages of aerobic system
aerobic glyolysis
Krebs cycle
electron transport chain
What are the energy equations for aerobic?
C6 H12 06+ 602- 6Co2+ 6H20+ energy
What are the by products formed by aerobic?
Co2+ H20
What is the intensity of exercise for aerobic?
Low moderate/submaximal intensity
What is the durationof system for aerobic?
3 minutes onwards
What are the strengths for aerobic system?
Large fuels: triglycerides, free fatty acids (FFAs) glycogen and glucose
High atp yield and long duration of energy production
no fatiguing by products
What are the weaknesses with aerobic system?
Delay for oxygen delivery and complex series of reactions
slow energy production limits activity to sub- maximal intensity
What is the energy continuum?
The energy continuum refers to the contribution that the different energy systems make to the production of energy,
What is the intermittent exercise?
The intensity alternates, the threshold of any energy system is the point at which it is unable to provide energy nd therefore switches to another system
What happens in recovery periods?
Revoery periods allow for rehurtation and glycogen replacement. Aerobic activities rely o atp-pc, although cc runs out quickly it resynthises quick, Oxygen stored in myoglobin can be fully replenished in 3 minutes
What is a v02 max?
Maximum volume of oxygen inspired, transported and utilised per minute during exhaustive exercise
What is the fitness level?
Once blood lactate values go above 4mmol, the onset of blood lactate accumulation (OBLA) has been reached
The point will be dependent on the aerobic fitness of the performer, may be about 50% of their v02 max. due to increased ability to tolerate lactic acid and to remove waste products and supply oxygen to working muscles.
What is the recovery process?
Help the body return to its pre-exercise, energy is required Continused aerobic production fulfils this additional energy requirement. (excess post-exercise oxygen consumption)
1) fast alactacid component of recovery
2) slow (lactacid) component of recovery
What is the fast a lactacid component of recovery?
phosopohcreatine stores restored 3 minutes pc stores to fully recover
replenishment of blood and muscle oxygen- within the first minute, oxygen resaturates the blood stream, associating with haemoglobin and within 3 minutes restores the oxymygolbin link in the muscle cells
What is slow lactacid component?
Elevated ventilation and circulation, post exercise respiratory rate, depth and hr remain elevated. these gradually decrease to resting levels to maximise delivery of 02 and the removal pf by-products
