Acute soft tissue injuries

Question 1

What is a sprain?

Answer 1

Damage to a ligament

Question 2

What is the cause of a sprain?

Answer 2

Sudden twist/impact or all moving the joint beyond its normal/extreme range of motion
eg; common at ankle and knee when turning the wrist and thumb when falling

Question 3

What is a strain?

Answer 3

Damage to a muscle or tendon

Question 4

What is the cause of a strain?

Answer 4

over stretching a muscle/tendon quickly

eg; common in adductors in lunging sports like squash/badminton

Question 5

What are the symptoms of strains and sprains?

Answer 5

Inflammation, bleeding/bruising and ability for weight bearing

Question 6

What are the 3 degrees of sprains and strains?

Answer 6

grade 1 (minor)- few fibers over stretch- minimal discomfort/tenderness/. see;;go
grade 2 (moderate)- many fibres partial tear- significant pain/discomfort/noticeable swelling/tenderness/impaired motion
grade 3 (severe) total rupture/detatchement significant pain//swelling/bruisng

Question 7

What is a haeomtoma?

Answer 7

A localised pocket of congealed/thickened blood

Question 8

What is the cause of a haeomtoma?

Answer 8

Impact/blow to the body causing the rupture of blood vessel leading to bleeding which congeals to form bruising (contusion)
less serious/superficial surface lighter

Question 9

What are the 2 types of haoemtoma?

Answer 9

Inter-muscular (bleeding within the muscle compartment (not into surrounding tissues)
intra-muscular (bleeding which escapes into surrounding tissues eg. bhrising often away from the original injury

Question 9

What are the 2 types of haoemtoma?

Answer 9

Inter-muscular (bleeding within the muscle compartment (not into surrounding tissues)
intra-muscular (bleeding which escapes into surrounding tissues eg. bhrising often away from the original injury

Question 10

What is the bruise score?

Answer 10

rated on a harm score from 0-5 according to the severity of the bruising

Question 11

What is cramp?

Answer 11

an involuntarily muscle contraction

Question 12

What are the causes of cramp?

Answer 12

Mixed evidence, maybe due to the lack of oxygen supply, increase dehydration which decreases sodium/salt leading to muscle fatigue and insufficient (atp) for the muscle to release the muscle contraction

Question 13

Where is cramp most common in the body?

Answer 13

Gastro nimbus, quadriceps, hamstrings, abdomen, feet and hands/
not a true injury but can lead to muscle/tendon injuries

Question 14

What is an abrasion?

Answer 14

Superficial damage to the skin

Question 15

What is the cause of an abrasion?

Answer 15

contact/friciton with a playing surface or clothing/equipement rubbing on the body. friction burns to a small area of the skin

Question 16

What are blisters>

Answer 16

Collection of fluid released below/between 2 layers of skin surface (a defence mechanism) to repair the damage to the skin in response to a burn/friciton

Question 17

What is concussion:

Answer 17

a brain injury causing a temporary/compleye loss of consciousness and brain functioning

Question 18

what are the causes of concussion?

Answer 18

direct impact to the head or whip lash movement of the head which shakes the brain inside cranium eg. contact sports

Question 19

What are the symptoms of concussion?

Answer 19

nausea, headaches, shallow breathing, seeing stars, loss of balance

Question 20

What are the precautions of rugby?

Answer 20

concussion protocol must leave field for assessment and produced own 6 rs

Question 21

what are the concussion precautions of rugby?

Answer 21

head guards and reduced rounds at amateur levels and doctors and energy services