Personality

Question 1

What is personality?

Answer 1

The sum of an individuals characteristics

unique, stable and enduring and adaptable to different situation

Question 2

What is the theory trait perspective?

Answer 2

Proposes personality is determined by;
inherited/genetically predetermined qualities
therefore traits are stable enduring and consistent in all situations
Personality is generalised and predictable; some people are always aggressive

Question 3

What are two theories that are trait?

Answer 3

Eysenck’s personality types

gidanos narrow band theory

Question 4

What is the social learning perspective?

Answer 4

Personality is the sum of an individuals experience
bandoras model
b=fe, function of the environment
vicarious experiences
learnt through experience
bobo doll experiment tested

Question 5

What is the interactionist approach?

Answer 5

B= f( p x e)
model of Lewin
behaviour is of innate (traits) and function of environment (learning)
both product of biology and environment

Question 6

What is eysencks personality type?

Answer 6

Seen as generalisable and behaviour can be predicted in various situations

Question 7

What is eysencks extrovert?

Answer 7

Likes to seek social situations 
loud
not prone to anxiety and stress
likes excitement 
outgoing
lacks concentrations

Question 8

What is eysencks introvert?

Answer 8

doesn't like social situations
quiet
prone to anxiety and stress
avoids excitement 
RAS heightens
good at concentration

Question 9

What is eysenks stable?

Answer 9

predictable temperament
consistent mood
less prone to anxiety and stress
calm/realxed
even tempered

Question 10

What is eysenks unstable?

Answer 10

(neutoritc)
unpredictable
hot tempered
prone to anxiety and stress
moods are inconsistent
recover slowly from stress

Question 11

What was eysenks third scale to a model called?

Answer 11

Psychoticism- a measure of how tender or tough minded people are

Question 12

What is a high pschotism?

Answer 12

Tough minded
takes risks
non-comfotist
may engage in anti-social behaviour
unconcerned about others

Question 13

What is a low psychotisim (ego control)?

Answer 13

Tender or sensitive
warm
concerned about others

Question 14

What did cattell propose?

Answer 14

Cattell’s views were different in terms of what gives us an insight into an individuals personality and therefore devised a questionnaire with 16 personality factors (16 [F TEST)

Question 15

What is a narrow band theory?

Answer 15

Recognises 2 personality types a and b- a coach may be more aware of a performers anxiety issues

Question 16

Type A narrow band theory

Answer 16

high levels of stress
highly competitive 
impatient
intolerant
high arousal; arguing with a referee

Question 17

Type B narrow band theory

Answer 17

Relaxed
patient/tolerable
not prone to anxiety and stress

Question 18

What are the positives of trait theory?

Answer 18

Simplistic
good predictor- can measure
measurable
observable 
explains biological role in personality

Question 19

What are the 2 processes that are involved in social learning?

Answer 19

Behaviour imitated through observation; observational learning watching coach
Behaviour being acquired after observation but only when endorsed through social reinforcement; must be socially reinforced by performer

Question 20

what are the conditions that support social learning?

Answer 20

Role model behaviour (needs to have meaning to the individual
Role model age and gender
Role model relevance points (needs to be meaningful unless less likely to be copied
Role model autority (role model needs to be high in authority)
role model consistency (modelling same behaviour regulary
Role model approachability (warm, friendly, someone who feels the individual can talk to)

Question 21

What us the positives of the social learning theory?

Answer 21

Explains environment
gives control to parents and coaches over behaviour- we can learn personality/develop good traits
explains why some models are learnt and some aren’t- significant others

Question 22

What are the negatives of social learning theory?

Answer 22

Ignores biology
cant measure it
doesn’t explain why some people can never change

Question 23

What layers did hollander propose for the interactionist theory?

Answer 23

The inner layer- psychological core
the middle layer- typical response
the outer layer- role related behaviour

Question 24

What is the psychological core?

Answer 24

Not affected by the environment 
Permanent qualites- belief and valyes
possibly controls and dictates behaviour 
trait aspect of personality
affects the next layer

Question 25

What is the typical response?

Answer 25

How we usually respond to certain situations
is learned behaviour
Informed by our psychological core
more changeable then the core but difficult to change

Question 26

What is the role related behaviour?

Answer 26

Typical responses affected by our circumsyances
behaviour is completely different at different times in different situations (changeable)
May be veery unlike our psychological
the most visible aspect of our personality core

Question 27

What are the positives of interactionist approach?

Answer 27

Currently the most accepted approach to personality,a accounts for both trait and social factors
explains why our behaviour is often changanle
explains why people in the same environment behave differently

Question 28

What are the negatives of interacitonsit approach?

Answer 28

An individaul may show consistent behaviours in every situation, don’t adapt to their environment

Question 29

What are Banduras 4 main stages to observational learning?

Answer 29

Attention- learn through observation
Retention- must be able to remember skill
motor reproduction- physically capable of performing the skill
Motivational response- Must be motivated or won’t go through first 3 stages

Question 30

What is the ‘equation’ for interactionist theory?

Answer 30

b= F (PE) Behaviour= function of personality and eneviromenet

Question 31

What is cognitive disonnanse?

Answer 31

The disharmony between two or more componennts of attitude

Increasing the emotional conflict attitude will change

Question 32

What is knowledge of performance?

Answer 32

The performer has good onforaton about quality of movement, properioreceptor
Motivates performers
Gives oppurmiu to think about positives in performance,ane

Question 33

What are the negatives of trait theory?

Answer 33

too simplisitic
ignores learning chnages
doesn’t explain change in personality
doesn’t explain twin studies- different in characters despite being identical

Question 34

What is the hollanders model?

Answer 34

Composes of our psychological core, our internal beliefs- innate
typical responses- these are based on our values (day to day basis)
role related behaviour- specific context, we can behave against our core values and role based on our situation. If we have a stronger situation environment we repress

Question 35

What are the positives of hollanders model?

Answer 35

More realistic theory
takes into account both
explains unpredictability, as situation factors may be stronger
explains why people act differently in dfierrent situations
explains why in the same environment people will be diffeent- biology psychological core

Question 36

What are the negatives of hollanders (interactionist)?

Answer 36

cant measure
complex
some people argue there are no traits at all