Personality Flashcards
What is personality?
The sum of an individuals characteristics
unique, stable and enduring and adaptable to different situation
What is the theory trait perspective?
Proposes personality is determined by;
inherited/genetically predetermined qualities
therefore traits are stable enduring and consistent in all situations
Personality is generalised and predictable; some people are always aggressive
What are two theories that are trait?
Eysenck’s personality types
gidanos narrow band theory
What is the social learning perspective?
Personality is the sum of an individuals experience bandoras model b=fe, function of the environment vicarious experiences learnt through experience bobo doll experiment tested
What is the interactionist approach?
B= f( p x e)
model of Lewin
behaviour is of innate (traits) and function of environment (learning)
both product of biology and environment
What is eysencks personality type?
Seen as generalisable and behaviour can be predicted in various situations
What is eysencks extrovert?
Likes to seek social situations loud not prone to anxiety and stress likes excitement outgoing lacks concentrations
What is eysencks introvert?
doesn't like social situations quiet prone to anxiety and stress avoids excitement RAS heightens good at concentration
What is eysenks stable?
predictable temperament consistent mood less prone to anxiety and stress calm/realxed even tempered
What is eysenks unstable?
(neutoritc) unpredictable hot tempered prone to anxiety and stress moods are inconsistent recover slowly from stress
What was eysenks third scale to a model called?
Psychoticism- a measure of how tender or tough minded people are
What is a high pschotism?
Tough minded takes risks non-comfotist may engage in anti-social behaviour unconcerned about others
What is a low psychotisim (ego control)?
Tender or sensitive
warm
concerned about others
What did cattell propose?
Cattell’s views were different in terms of what gives us an insight into an individuals personality and therefore devised a questionnaire with 16 personality factors (16 [F TEST)
What is a narrow band theory?
Recognises 2 personality types a and b- a coach may be more aware of a performers anxiety issues
Type A narrow band theory
high levels of stress highly competitive impatient intolerant high arousal; arguing with a referee
Type B narrow band theory
Relaxed
patient/tolerable
not prone to anxiety and stress
What are the positives of trait theory?
Simplistic good predictor- can measure measurable observable explains biological role in personality
What are the 2 processes that are involved in social learning?
Behaviour imitated through observation; observational learning watching coach
Behaviour being acquired after observation but only when endorsed through social reinforcement; must be socially reinforced by performer
what are the conditions that support social learning?
Role model behaviour (needs to have meaning to the individual
Role model age and gender
Role model relevance points (needs to be meaningful unless less likely to be copied
Role model autority (role model needs to be high in authority)
role model consistency (modelling same behaviour regulary
Role model approachability (warm, friendly, someone who feels the individual can talk to)
What us the positives of the social learning theory?
Explains environment
gives control to parents and coaches over behaviour- we can learn personality/develop good traits
explains why some models are learnt and some aren’t- significant others
What are the negatives of social learning theory?
Ignores biology
cant measure it
doesn’t explain why some people can never change
What layers did hollander propose for the interactionist theory?
The inner layer- psychological core
the middle layer- typical response
the outer layer- role related behaviour
What is the psychological core?
Not affected by the environment Permanent qualites- belief and valyes possibly controls and dictates behaviour trait aspect of personality affects the next layer
What is the typical response?
How we usually respond to certain situations
is learned behaviour
Informed by our psychological core
more changeable then the core but difficult to change
What is the role related behaviour?
Typical responses affected by our circumsyances
behaviour is completely different at different times in different situations (changeable)
May be veery unlike our psychological
the most visible aspect of our personality core
What are the positives of interactionist approach?
Currently the most accepted approach to personality,a accounts for both trait and social factors
explains why our behaviour is often changanle
explains why people in the same environment behave differently
What are the negatives of interacitonsit approach?
An individaul may show consistent behaviours in every situation, don’t adapt to their environment
What are Banduras 4 main stages to observational learning?
Attention- learn through observation
Retention- must be able to remember skill
motor reproduction- physically capable of performing the skill
Motivational response- Must be motivated or won’t go through first 3 stages
What is the ‘equation’ for interactionist theory?
b= F (PE) Behaviour= function of personality and eneviromenet
What is cognitive disonnanse?
The disharmony between two or more componennts of attitude
Increasing the emotional conflict attitude will change
What is knowledge of performance?
The performer has good onforaton about quality of movement, properioreceptor
Motivates performers
Gives oppurmiu to think about positives in performance,ane
What are the negatives of trait theory?
too simplisitic
ignores learning chnages
doesn’t explain change in personality
doesn’t explain twin studies- different in characters despite being identical
What is the hollanders model?
Composes of our psychological core, our internal beliefs- innate
typical responses- these are based on our values (day to day basis)
role related behaviour- specific context, we can behave against our core values and role based on our situation. If we have a stronger situation environment we repress
What are the positives of hollanders model?
More realistic theory
takes into account both
explains unpredictability, as situation factors may be stronger
explains why people act differently in dfierrent situations
explains why in the same environment people will be diffeent- biology psychological core
What are the negatives of hollanders (interactionist)?
cant measure
complex
some people argue there are no traits at all
