Guidance and Feedback

Question 1

What is visual guidance?

Answer 1

The use of a demonstration; using play book, videos, video, wall chart

Question 2

What form does visual guidance take?

Answer 2

Videos/demonstrations, charts, books

Question 3

what are the positives of visual guidance?

Answer 3

Creates a mental image
good for cognitive leanring
allows the coach to cue- using positive aspects
slow motion
can see the skill in different stages
gives understanding of the requirements- movement requireemtns
good for error detection
effective if model is a role model
encourages obersvationaml

Question 4

what are the negatives of visual guidance?

Answer 4

demo could be incorrect
demo may be too quick
slow motion can be unclear
images dont show how a movement is produced

Question 5

what is verbal guidance?

Answer 5

coaching points
instructions
tactical info
team talks 
q  and a sessions

Question 6

Wha are the adavnates of verbal guidance?

Answer 6

can be direct/clear
good for cueing
good for autonomous stag learners- gig over details
can movitvate
hold attention- visual model
questioning can lead to learning and undertsanding- cognitive learning
useful to explain how- good for meaningful

Question 7

what are the negatives of verbal guidance?

Answer 7

if inaccurate can lead to errors
may cause information overload
ineffective with beginners
can be boring
can be confusing
hard to explain

Question 8

what is manual guidance?

Answer 8

The physical support of a coach
spotting in gymnastics
coach physically aids the performance
physically manipulates
the laying of hands

Question 9

what are the positives of manual guidance?

Answer 9

develops kinaesthesia even for cognitive leanrers
more safe
gives confidence
can experience full range of movement as supported
great for individuals

Question 10

what are the negatives of manual guidance?

Answer 10

Not effective for groups
does not create a mental image
permission required

Question 11

What is intrinsic feedback?

Answer 11

Information from within

kinaesthetic- sense of balance/procpriocrepction- equiblirum

Question 12

What is extrinsic feedback?

Answer 12

information from others
information from the coach
information from the external environment

Question 13

What is positive feedback?

Answer 13

information about a successful outcomr

can be intrinsic or extrinsic

Question 14

What is negative feedback?

Answer 14

received when movement is unsuccessful

can be extrinsic or intrinsic

Question 15

What is knowledge of results?

Answer 15

information about the outcome
terminal feedback
extrrinisc

Question 16

What is knowledge of performance?

Answer 16

known as cop and core
based on the technique
information about the quality of the perfomrnac e
often intrinsic but can be extrinsic
accuracy of the technique not the end achieving of technique

Question 17

What are the advantages of visual guidance?

Answer 17

Good to form a mental image
cues performers
enable skill In different images
reinforces observational learning
needs to be a role model of same gender

Question 18

What are the advantages of knowledge of results?

Answer 18

important for learning to take place
important for beginners
good for eveyone
gives satisfaction if successful
measureable
subjective
connective with performance

Question 19

What are the disadvantages of knowledge of results?

Answer 19

can demotivate, lose a lot in sport
loses are negative, judging by results- negative
results dont recognise how we’ve done
can strengthen incorrect s-r bond
might get right result through wrong tehcnique

Question 20

What are the advantages of knowledge of performance?

Answer 20

good when performing against a strong opposition- judging by winning and losing more likely to lose
can focus on positive aspects even when losing good for self confidence
tells the performer how to improve- nt just statement
essential for skill leanring
helps experts to refine
gives motivation
gives quickly if concurrently, knowledge of tehcnique
where technique is highly relevant
improves kinaesthesia

Question 21

What is effective feedback?

Answer 21

Should correspond yo level of performer; cognitive, autonomies tc
Limit amount of info given
feedback should be immediate 
should relate to the individual
try to facilitate internal

Question 22

Why is negative feedback effective?

Answer 22

Can motivate a learner to get better
Good for beginners to identify what went wrong g
Information about incorrect unsuccessful movement

Question 23

What is persuasive communication?

Answer 23

Change knowledge/beliefs
Persuader- captain/football role mode
receipteint- needs to want to change and be open tp change
message- the messages needs to be clear
situation- ideal situation/environemnt so a coffee shop

Question 24

What is mechanical guidance?

Answer 24

use of aids to improve the learning of a skill
use stabilisers
armbands
floats
bowling machines

Question 25

what are the positives of mechanical guidance?

Answer 25

Can develop a kinastehesis
increases safety
allows learners to develop advanced skills
brilliant for closed skills as can repeat

Question 26

what are the negatives of mechanical?

Answer 26

Can lead to over reliance
equipmenet- costs money
not good for open
not same as real thing

Question 27

What are the disadvantages of visual?

Answer 27

if incorrect can be wrong

too quick

Question 28

what are the advantages of verbal?

Answer 28

Good for autonomous performers as already have good mental image
can motivate
can hold attention
questioning techniques can help- intrinsic feedbsck

Question 29

what are the disadvantages of verbal?

Answer 29

information overload
if not accurate- errors
in affective with beginners
boring

Question 30

advantages of manual?

Answer 30

gives kinasethis a

can reduce fear

Question 31

what are the advantages of intrinsic feedback?

Answer 31

constantly available
dont need anyone else
concurrent- during eprformance
allows us to adjust and adapt within performance
good for autonomous 
can self correct
never out of the learning environment

Question 32

what are the disadvantages of intrinsic feedback?

Answer 32

not available for cognitive performers- mechanical guidance

depends own the breadth of experience- narrow experience means little knowing, odnt know

Question 33

what are the advantages of extrinsic feedback?

Answer 33

provides a different interpreation
experienced people can provide insight
needed and essential for cognitive perfomers

Question 34

what are the disadvnatges of knowledge of performance?

Answer 34

if inaccurate damaging
some performers only interested in outcome- doesn’t help
can overload- detailed and refinng
can take long time to develop kinateshis

Question 35

what are the advantages of positive feedback?

Answer 35

can strengthen a s- r bond
can motivate
reinforces skill leanring
good for cognitive learners

Question 36

what are the disadvantages of positive feedback?

Answer 36

can be used to build an incorrect s-r bond
unspecific- ‘great’ in coaching environment
can be over used leading to feedback ignored

Question 37

what are the positives about negative feedback?

Answer 37

movtivates some perfomers
good for autonomous- marginal gains
good for reifnrment
provides drive reuction- sets new goals

Question 38

what ate the disdavnatges of negative feedback?

Answer 38

can be demotivatng
can reduce confidence
might only tell them what got wrong rather than what they need to do
inappropriate for beginners- demotivating
if unforced