Skills acquisition stages of learning Flashcards
What is a cognitive performer?
Starting stage, mental image is being formed, no kinaesthetic feel and jerky
What is an associative performer?
Learning performance looks more like their mental image, motor programme begins to form. Some jerky movements, fewer mistakes but with more detailed feedback from coach. needs practice
Autonomous
Accurate and consistent technique, full formed motor programme. Fluent, rhythmic. Looks like the mental image and what it should. No conscious control with spare attentional capacity
What are some characteristics of cognitive performers?
Conscious control is needed, no fluent actions.
what should the feedback teach to cognitive performers?
Simple demonstrations, highlight relevant cues
Use unsuccessful movements as a tool to improve and to remind them why they failed and for them not to repeat
Use positive reinforcement
May use punishment to limit use of wrong movements
Law of exercise
How should the coach move onto the next stage for cognitive performers?
Use positive feedback/ reinforcement, use visual guidance from themselves use verbal guidance to highlight important cues. Maybe use mechanical and manual guidance as a away to help aid fluency in technique
What are some characteristics of an associative performer?
Mental image is beginning to form, performance looks more like their mental image, done through repletion
What should the feedback be like for an associative performer?
More detailed feedback, use more kinastethic feedback, as performer will be getting the feel more.
Use negative reinforce to not start producing silly mistakes
Law of exercise (more practice and repeat).
Some people never leave this stage of learning
Why do some people stay in the associative stage of learning?
Performer becomes demotivated as the time it takes to learn the skill. They should allow time and dedicate themselves to practice more. Coach should use positive reinforcement to encourage them to improve; give them medals and targets
What are the characteristics of autonomous?
Full formed, accurate and consistent technique, spare attentional capacity.
Fluent, rhythmic (gracefully aesthetic technique. No conscious control need (muscle memory)
What is the feedback for autonomous performers?
Need to keep practicing to remain in this phase, rely on kinaesthetic feedback to correct themselves. Coach may use negative reinforcement. Use spare attentional capacity to use strategies.
