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Year 1 > Localisation of cortical function > Flashcards

Localisation of cortical function Flashcards

1
Q

What does the grey matter contain?

A

Collection of cell bodies and nuclei. The grey matter of the cerebrum is the cortex.

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2
Q

What does the white matter contain?

A

Bundles of axons which form tracts in the CNS.

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3
Q

What are the derivatives of the lateral ventricles?

A

Telencephalon

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4
Q

What is the derivative of the 3rd ventricle?

A

Diencephalon

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5
Q

What are the derivatives of the cerebral aqueduct?

A

Mesencephalon

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6
Q

What are the derivatives of the superior 4th ventricle?

A

Metencephalon

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7
Q

What is the derivative of the inferior 4th ventricle?

A

Myencephalon

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8
Q

What are the flexures of the embryo?

A

There are 3 flexures: cephalic flexure which seperates the prosencephalon from the mesencephalon
Pontine flexure which seperates the metencephalon and myencephalon
Cervical flexure which separates the brain from the spinal cord

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9
Q

What is dorsal in the brain?

A

Superior and in the brainstem Posterior

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10
Q

What is ventral in the brain?

A

Inferior and in the brainstem anterior

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11
Q

What is the folia?

A

Depressions in the cerebellum/gyri of the cerebellum

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12
Q

What is the cingulate gyrus?

A

Superior to the corpus callosum and part of the limbic system for behavioural and emotional control

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13
Q

What is the calcarine sulcus?

A

Opening into the occipital lobe for vision.

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14
Q

What is the uncus?

A

Part of the temporal lobe

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15
Q

What is the venous drainage in the brain?

A

Via the 6 dural venous seinuses. the superior and inferior petrosal veins, the superior and inferior saggital, transverse vein,, occipital vein and straight vein.
These drain into the sigmoid vein-> internal jugular vein -> subclavian vein -> heart

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16
Q

What are the differences in sensory and motor somatotropic map?

A

Sensory- hands, genitals, toes and feet, mouth and tongue and head
Motor- hands, head, tongue

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17
Q

What is Brodmann’s areas 4 and 6?

A

Area 4: primary motor cortex for initiating movement. Lesion leads to contralateral flaccid paralysis and Babinski sign
Area 6: pre-motor cortex for co-ordinating movement to somatotropic map. Lesion leads to contralateral spasticity and increased deep tendon reflexes
Area 8: supplementary cortex to interpret signals for movement. Lesions lead to issues with ocular movement.

18
Q

What is agnosia?

A

Inability for recognition of propioception (self limbs) or objects.

19
Q

What does a lesion in Brodmann’s areas 1-3, 39-40 cause?

A

Area 1-3: contralateral hemineglect, sensory loss
Area 2: contralateral loss of pain
Area 39: contralateral dyslexia, alexia and agraphia
Area 40: contralateral loss of left and right awareness

20
Q

What are the commisual fibres?

A

Allows the communication between the left and right hemisphere.

21
Q

What is hemispheric specialisation?

A

Anatomical symmetry between the left and right hemisphere however there is difference in sensory input and motor function

22
Q

What is apraxia?

A

Loss of fine and skilled movement

23
Q

What is hemispheric dominance?

A

Either of the right or left hemispheres assumes primary control of language, apraxia and direction.

24
Q

What is the role of the non-dominant hemisphere?

A

The non-dominant hemisphere is resonsible for adding emotion to speech, estimation for maths and visual awareness for direction.

25
Q

What is the role of the dominant hemisphere?

A

Dominant hemisphere is responsible for language, speech, calculation and sense of direction.

26
Q

What is the role of the non-dominant hemisphere?

A

The non-dominant hemisphere is resonsible for adding emotion to speech, estimation for maths and visual awareness for direction.

27
Q

What does a lesion in the dominant hemisphere cause?

A

Language difficulties- in children, the contralateral hemisphere will assume control eventually.

28
Q

What is sensory aphasia?

A

Receive sensory input such as hearing but cannot interpret or understand it- motor functions are normal.

29
Q

What is motor aphasia?

A

Slow, laboured speech and diffculty with apraxia such as writing.

30
Q

What is the source of hearing in the brain?

A

Bilateral cortical areas in the brain, innervated by cranial nerve 8

31
Q

Where is the source of the lesion with hearing loss?

A

Cranial nerve 8

32
Q

What is the primary blood supply to the brain?

A

Middle cerebral artery supplies 60-80% of total blood supply and is found in the lateral sulcus within the insula grey matter. It supplies blood ofor speech, face and eye movement

33
Q

What is the stroke artery?

A

Middle cerebral artery

34
Q

What is the role of the pre-frontal cortex?

A

Higher level functioning such as abstract thought, inhibition, personality, judgement and planning

35
Q

What is the consequence of a lesion in the pre-frontal cortex?

A

Loss of inhibition, impulsiveness, changes in personality, difficulty in judgement

36
Q

What does the anterior cerebral artery?

A

Anterior cerebral artery supplies the medial surface of the cerebral cortex to the parietal-occipital sulcus. It has a medial striate branch which supplies the deeper structures of the brain.

37
Q

What is the pericallosal artery?

A

Branch of the anterior cerebral artery which supplies the corpus callosum.

38
Q

What is the Medial striate artery of Heubner?

A

Branch of the anterior cerebral artery which supplies the deeper structures of the brain such as the internal capsule.

39
Q

What is hemianopia?

A

Loss of vision in one side.

40
Q

What is agnosia?

A

Loss of object recognition.

41
Q

What is posterior cerebral artery?

A

Supplies the areas of the brain for vision in the cortex- loss of supply to this can lead to contralateral heminopia.

Year 1 (191 decks)

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