Anatomy B5 W2

Question 1

What is the spinous process and transverse process?

Answer 1

Projections which allow for muscle attachment on the vertebrae to enable movement

Question 2

What is the pedicle?

Answer 2

Projections on the vertebrae more lateral which connect the anterior and posterior vertebrae. It provides side protection of the nerves and spinal cord.

Question 3

What is the vertebral arch?

Answer 3

Consists of the lamina of the vertebrae and the pedicles which lies between the spinous processes and the transverse processes. They protect the spinal cord.

Question 4

What restricts movement of the vertebrae?

Answer 4

Articular processes

Question 5

What is the atlas?

Answer 5

C1 vertebrae which forms an articulation with the occipital bone to form the atlanto-occipital articulation

Question 6

What is the axis?

Answer 6

C2 vertebrae which forms articulation with C1 called the atlanto-axis articulation.

Question 7

What is the role of the nucleus polpolus?

Answer 7

Gel which separates the vertebral bodies for shock absorption. When the outer vertebral fibres rupture, this is responsible for herniation of the spinal cord.

Question 8

What is the role of the annulus?

Answer 8

Fibrocartilage fibres which join the vertebral bodies and prevent herniation of the nucleus pulpsus.

Question 9

What is the role of the articular process of the vertebrae?

Answer 9

Allows for attachment to the adjacent vertebrae with superior and inferior articular process

Question 10

What is the vertebral foramen?

Answer 10

Space in the vertebrae where the spinal cord runs through.

Question 11

How does the vertebrae change down the vertebral column?

Answer 11

Vertebral body becomes larger and in the thoracic vertebrae, transverse processes articulate with the ribs.

Question 12

Which vertebrae do not have an intervertebral disc?

Answer 12

Atlas and axis

Question 13

What is a feature of the transverse process in the throacic vertebrae?

Answer 13

Articulates with the ribs

Question 14

What is the transverse foramen?

Answer 14

Allows for the entry of the vertebral artery, vein and the sympathetic nerve

Question 15

What is the nuchal ligament?

Answer 15

Fibrous tissue from the spinous process of T1 to the occipital protuberance to limit forward flexion of the head.

Question 16

What is the supraspinous ligament?

Answer 16

Fibrous cord which connects the spinous process of C7 to L3/L4. Continuation of the nuchal ligament

Question 17

What is the ligamentum flava?

Answer 17

Connects the lamina of adjacent vertebrae from C2 to S1

Question 18

What is the posterior longitudinal ligament?

Answer 18

Runs the length of the spine to stabilise the bones

Question 19

What is the erector spinae?

Answer 19

Long muscles originating from the sacrum and extend vertically up the length of the back

Question 20

What are the transversospinalis?

Answer 20

Three deep group of back muscles in the back: Rotatores, multifidus and semispinalis. These flex and rotate the neck at the spinal joints. They lie deep to the erector spinae.

Question 21

What is the erector spinae?

Answer 21

Group of long muscles Spinalis, longissimus and iliocostalis which to laterally flex the spine and extend the back. They arise from the sacrum and lie on either side of the vertebral columns and attach onto the femur.