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Year 1 > B5 W3 > Flashcards

B5 W3 Flashcards

1
Q

Dystrophin

A

Links the actin cytoskeleton to the dystroglycan complex in the sarcolemma. Damage to this causes membrane rupturing and membrane rupturing.

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2
Q

Dystrophin complex

A

Links sarcomere to basal lamina and connective tissue for stability.

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3
Q

Region of ventral horn for innervation of the hand and feet

A

Distal ventral horn

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4
Q

Muscle contraction which moves a load

A

Isotonic contraction

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5
Q

Fibres for long distance running

A

Type 1 slow twitch

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6
Q

Main sources of energy

A

Phosphocreatine, anaerobic respiration, aerobic respiration

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7
Q

Area in sarcomere with only thick filaments

A

H band

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8
Q

Summation

A

Increased force of contraction of fibre when a twitch occurs before a twitch relaxes

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9
Q

Fasicles

A

Bundles of muscle fibres in perimysium

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10
Q

Golgi tendon organ

A

Receptor organ between muscle and tendon in series with extrafusal muscle fibres

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11
Q

Hypodermis

A

Loose connective tissue formed of areolar and adipose connective tissue. Allows exit and entry in muscles for blood vessels and lymphatic vessels and nerves.

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12
Q

Protein in muscle which binds to oxygen

A

Myoglobin

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13
Q

Detects the rate and change of muscle length

A

Intrafusal muscle fires

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14
Q

Muscle energy source which produces a small amount of ATP with moderate endurance

A

Anaerobic metabolism

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15
Q

Muscle energy source which produce a small amount of ATP but long endurance

A

Aerobic metabolism

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16
Q

Sarcolemma signalling activates this

A

L-type calcium channel

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17
Q

Gap after stimulus has been applied

A

Lag phase

18
Q

Failure of muscles to relax

A

Myotonia

19
Q

Type of muscle twitch fibres for generating long term tension

A

Slow twitch fibres

20
Q

Neurons which integrate input from the muscle spindle, control by gamma motor neurons

A

Ia afferent

21
Q

Dilated end sacs of sarcoplasmic reticulum

A

Terminal cisternae

22
Q

Ib afferent

A

Provides sensory innervation of the Golgi organ

23
Q

I band

A

Only actin is present

24
Q

Sources of energy for muscle

A

Glucose and fatty acids

25
Q

Order of ATP endurance

A

Aerobic > anaerobic > creatine phosphate

26
Q

Order of ATP quantity release

A

Creatine phosphate > anaerobic > aerobic

27
Q

Henneman’s size principle

A

Motor units recruited from smallest to largest

28
Q

Axial

A

Region of ventral horn which innervates the trunk and head muscles for posture

29
Q

Satellite cells

A

Muscle stem cells for protein synthesis, located outside the sarcolemma. Become muscle cells in response to growth factors.

30
Q

Mode of calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum

A

Via calcium release channels. These are mechanically coupled to L-type calcium channels

31
Q

Net gain of anaerobic respiration

A

2 ATP

32
Q

How is calcium bound in the sarcoplasmic reticulum?

A

Calsequestrin and reticulin

33
Q

Muscle fibres for long distance

A

Type 1 slow twitch

34
Q

Elastic elements

A

Must be under tension for muscle contraction

35
Q

Mitochondria

A

Lies close to contractile muscle protiens

36
Q

Myofibrils

A

Contractile organelles of myofibrils which consists of myosin and actin

37
Q

Proximal region

A

Area of the ventral horn motor innervating the upper limbs

38
Q

Golgi Tendon Organ

A

Located in the junction between muscle and tendon, innervated by IB afferents and has a high threshold receptor

39
Q

Creatine phosphate

A

Synthesis is catalysed by creatine kinase. Metabolised by creatine kinase into-> creatine + ADP as energy store

40
Q

Gamma motor neurons

A

Adjust the tension and length of the muscle spindle via the intrafusal muscle fibres and the sensitivity. Detects changes in the position of the extrafusal muscle fibres.

40
Q

Gamma motor neurons

A

Adjust the tension and length of the muscle spindle via the intrafusal muscle fibres and the sensitivity. Detects changes in the position of the extrafusal muscle fibres.

41
Q

Sources of ATP in muscle cells

A

Creatine phosphate, aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration.

Year 1 (191 decks)

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