Harvluck Block 6 W2 unknown Flashcards
Anti-depressants
Tri-cyclics, SSRIs, SNRIs and MAO inhibitors
Tri-Cyclics
Prevent reuptake of noradrenaline and serotonin
Insight
Type of learning which is reflective and forming concepts
Respondent learning
Classical conditioning
Learning associated with phobia
Classical conditioning
Instrumental learning
Operant conditioning
Shaping
Guiding a person towards certain behaviours through operant conditioning
What is the removal of an adversive stimuli after a behaviour stimuli?
Negative reinforcement
Beck’s cognitive triad
The world is hopeless, future is bad, I am worthless
Which type of receptor is found between pre and post ganglionic autonomic nerves?
Nicotinic receptors
Which type of receptor is found between post ganglionic and effector autonomic nerves?
Muscarinic receptors
Does vagus nerve affect blood vessels?
No- it targets the organs
Which part of the nervous system is vasomotor?
Sympathetic nervous system
Which nerves convey information about the stomach to the brain?
Vagus
What are the type of pre-ganglionic fibres in the autonomic nervous system?
Myelinated B fibres
Type of post-ganglionic fibres in the ANS?
Unmyelinated C fibres
What supplies the foregut?
Greatest splanchnic nerve
What supplies the midgut?
Lesser splanchnic nerve
What supplies the hindgut?
Least splanchnic nerve
Lesser splanchnic nerve
Supplies the hindgut and the abdomen walls and the chromaffin cells and bladder and genitals
Which neurons release Nitric oxide?
Nitroxidergic post ganglionic neurons
Horner’s syndrome
When there is sympathetic denervation and leads to ptosis and dry mouth.
Pre-ganglionic neurons of the parasympathetic system
S2, S3 and S4
Which muscarinic receptor causes gastric secretion?
M3
Which muscarinic receptor is associated with the eye muscles?
M1
Which muscarinic receptor is found in the lacrimal for secretion?
M1
Which muscarinic receptor causes secretion of parietal cells?
M3
What is a pre-synaptic toxin?
Toxins which prevent exocytosis of vesicles such as botulinum.
Muscarinic agonists
Depolarising blocking agents
How does acetylcholine move back into the pre-synaptic cell?
Rate limiting step- via transporters
Aging
Adding water
What receptors are present in the adrenal medulla?
Nicotinic receptors
Which adrenergic receptor decreases cAMP?
Alpha 2
Which substrates rely on noradrenaline extraneuronal transport?
Dopamine, histamine and serotonin.
What are the effects of MAO non selective inhibitors?
Hypertension, liver toxicity and hemhorrage
Which drug is used for phaemochromocytoma?
Non selective irreversible alpha adrenergic antagonist Pheoxybenzamine-leads to hypotension and tacycardia
Which neurotransmitter targets alpha adrenergic receptors?
Noradrenaline
Which neurotransmitter targets beta-adrenergic receptors?
Isoprenaline and adrenaline
What is the effect of isoprenaline?
Reduces Heart rate and arterial pressure
What is the effect of noradrenaline?
Vasoconstriction, Dilation of pupils and bronchioles, Reduced peristalsis, increased heart rate and increased kidney-renin secretion
What is the effect of adrenaline?
Dilation of pupils, Vasodilation, sweat
