B3 W2/W3 Flashcards
Hepatic jaundice
Caused by liver cirrhosis which disrupts conjugation of bilirubin and leads to both unconjugated and unconjugated bilirubin. Liver cirrhosis will also cause haemhorrage, oedema and jaundice symptoms such as pale urine and dark stool
Formation of mature HDL?
HDL carrying cholesterol which is esterified
Space of disse
Space between sinusoidal endothelium and hepatocytes
Coronary ligament
Peritoneal reflection between the liver and the diaphragm which demarcate the bare area
Ammonia excretion?
Occurs in the liver. Nitrogen is incoportated into glutamine and alanine. Glutamine is deaminated by glutaminase enzyme to form glutamate and NH3. Ammonia (NH3) undergoes ornithine cycle in heaptocyte mitchondira to form urea. Alanine yields more glutamate via transamination with 2-oxoglutarate.
Alanine cycle
Degradation of muscle protein to form glucose for ATP production for muscle contraction. Alanine is transported from the skeletal muscle to the liver to undergo transamination with 2-oxoglutarate and form glutamate. Glutamate will generate pyruvate and urea.
What is 2-oxoglutarate?
An intermediate in Krebs which undergoes transamination with alanine to form glutamate
post-resorptive state
Fasting state where fatty acids enter the liver undergo beta oxidation to form acetylcoA to enter Krebs or ketogenesis .
Compound lipid
Phospholipid
Hepatic artery proper
Branches into left and right hepatic artery to supply the L and R liver lobes
What is a single unit of the liver?
Lobe
How is phase I metabolism induced?
Decrease in plasma conc/ drug Cp caused by alcohol, contraceptives, sterols or rifampicin (antibiotics which treat mycobacterium)
What is the role of the liver on amino acids?
BIosynthesis, conversion and degradation
What is the importance of a-ketoglutarate?
Intermediate which is part of the citric acid cycle. It is a source of glutamate via the enzyme glutamate dehydrogenase
What is the transport form of ammonia in the liver?
Glutamine
Phrenic lymph nodes
Part of the lymphatic system which drains the bare area
How does the liver act on carbohydrates?
Biosynthesis, conversion and degradation, storage
Triangular ligaments
Peritoenal reflections form the coronary ligaments. Coronary ligaments join together to form the triangular ligaments.
What is the composition of bile?
Bile salts (from bile acid), conjugated bilirubin, proteins, fatty acids and phospholipids and antibodies. It is produced via the accessory digestive gland of the liver
Liver storage
Iron, copper, glycogen, fat soluble Vitamin A, vitamin D, E and K and vitamin B12
ERCP
Examines disease of liver, bile duct and pancreas
How is inhibition of Cytochrome P450 occur?
Ketaconazole and terfenadine
Cholesterol is a progenitor for…
Steroid hormones, bile salts and vitamin D
Subphrenic recess
Potential space between the inferior surface diaphragm and the liver
Where does gluconeogenesis occur?
In higher oxygen regions in the liver in the periportal region
What is the area of the deepest part of the abdominal cavity when a patient is in a supine position?
Hepatorenal recess
How are fatty acids and cholesterol synthesised?
From acetate units
Absorptive state
Glucose is converted into acetyl coA via glycolysis and link. It then is converted into fatty acids for storage. This occurs in the liver
What does the ventral mesogastrium become?
Falciform ligament and lesser omentum
