Decision making and evidence Flashcards
What is diagnosis?
Diagonsis is determining the nature of a disorder. Diagnosis is based upon signs, symptoms and tests ordered by the doctor. It does not directly benefit the patient’s treatment.
What is prognosis?
Prognosis is a prediction of the outcome of disease based on the knowledge of the disease itself and factors like the age, sex and general health of the patient.
What are the theories of decision making?
There are three theories on decision making:
Normative- based on social or professional norms
Descriptive- outlining what the decision is
Prescriptive- determine best course of action
What is the hypothetico-deductive model?
Hypothetico-deductive model is finding evidence to disprove your hypothesis.
How do clinicans make deicisons?
Less experienced doctors use the hypothetico-deductive model to disprove their diagnosis.
More experienced doctors use patern matching when familiar with a conditon. If not, they will use more dliberative reasoning.
What is the decision process?
The Prospect theory is that there are two phases in the decision process:
1) Framing and editing by analysing the decision problem
2) Evaluating to determine prospect with highest value
How can decisions be influenced?
Decisions can be influenced by
how the problem is frmaed
the invidiual’s personal values
the individual’s ability to evaluate
What is the evidence ranking?
Evidence ranking:
systematc reviews and meta-analysis
randomised control double blind
Cohort study
Case control
Case series
Case report
Opinion pieces
Animal research
In vitro research (test tube)
What is the evidence organisation?
The way evidence is organised is also ranked:
Studies
Syntheses- systematic review
Synopses
Systems
What are treatment decisions based on?
Treatment decisions are based on the effectiveness, possible adverse effects and the likely acceptability of other options on and by the patient.
