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Year 1 > B4 W3 > Flashcards

B4 W3 Flashcards

1
Q

Systemic lupus

A

Type 3 hypersensitivity caused by DNA autotantigens and failure to clear apoptotic cells. It stimulates anti-DNA antibodies which causes systemic tissue damage

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2
Q

Excess platelets in the blood

A

Essential thrombocythemia caused by JAK 2 mutation

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3
Q

Excess RBC due to reduced plasma volume caused by vomiting

A

Relative polycythaemia

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4
Q

IgE allergic reaction due to dust, pollen or dander.

A

Asthma. Causes bronchoconstriction, airway inflammation and mucus production

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5
Q

Hypersensitivity caused by anti-DNA antibody production

A

Type 3

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6
Q

Effect of mast cell degranulation on eyes and airways

A

Constriction of eye/decreased diameter, swelling, mucus secretion and congestion

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7
Q

Type of hypersensitivity caused by Haemolytic disease of newborn.

A

Type 2 hypersensitivity- Rhesus

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8
Q

Histamine reaction which causes raised red whelts due to vascular permeability increase

A

Urticaria: type 1 hypersensitivty

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9
Q

Cause of polycythaemia

A

Mutation in EPOR

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10
Q

Coeliac’s disease

A

Type 4 hypersensitivity which causes villi atrophy in the small intestine and malabsorption

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11
Q

Autoimmunity causes

A

Molecular mimicry, protein changes cryptic antigens, superantigens, bystander activation

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12
Q

T cells involved in allergy

A

TH2 cells

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13
Q

Proteins produced by micro-organisms or virally infected cells which activate a large number of T lymphocytes

A

Superantigens

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14
Q

Breathing difficulties, red colouring, excess bleeding, splenomegaly, itchiness

A

Polycythaemia

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15
Q

Vaccine hypersensitivity

A

Arthus reaction- type 3 hypersensitivity

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16
Q

Chronic granulomatous disease

A

Primary immunodeficieny. Genetic disorder affecting platelet interaction with pathogens and compromises the phagocyte oxidase system

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17
Q

Hypersensitivity where antigens are insect venom and cause skin swelling like erythema and dermatitis

A

Delayed type hypersensitivity involved in graft rejection

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18
Q

Immune complex deposition in the kidneys

A

Glomerular nephritis

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19
Q

Released by mast cells in type 1 hypersensitivity to cause bronchoconstriction and chemotaxis of eosinophils and neutrophils

A

Leukotrienes

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20
Q

Myelofibrosis

A

Cancer which causes scar tissue forming in the one marrow which may progress to leukemia

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21
Q

Cancer of the plasma cells, which affects antibody production

A

Myeloma

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22
Q

Cancer of lymph system

A

Lymphoma

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23
Q

Depleted white blood cell count

A

Leukocytopenia

24
Q

Agranulocytosis and neutropenia

A

Causes of leukocytopenia

25
Q

Type 3 hypersensitivity with purpuric patches due to antivenom

A

Serum sickness

26
Q

Prostaglandin effects

A

Vasodilation, vascular permeability, broncho and gut constriction

27
Q

Sensitisation involves T cell…

A

Dendritic cells present to naive T cells which become TH2 cells and induces B cell production of IgE. This causes allergy.

28
Q

Memory cell excluding B cell for sensitisation

A

Th2 cell

29
Q

Type of hypersensitivity of myasthenia gravis

A

Type 2 hypersensitivity

30
Q

T cell involved in allergy

A

Th2 cell

31
Q

Delayed type hypersensitivity

A

Type 4 hypersensitivity occurring 24-72 hours after infection. Dendritic cells induce production of Th1 . Examples include graft rejection during organ donation.

32
Q

Secondary polycythaemia in newborns due to RBC transfusion

A

Neonatal polycythaemia

33
Q

Disorders involving RBC and platelets

A

Myeloproliferative neoplasm

34
Q

Polycythemia caused by JAK-2 mutation

A

Primary polycythaemia

35
Q

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia

A

Cancer of blood and bone marrow which affects WBC due to over immune response

36
Q

How eczema becomes from acute -> chronic

A

From Th2 response -> Th1 response

37
Q

Cytokine from epithelia causing skin itching in eczema

A

Thymic stromal lymphopoeitin

38
Q

Low RBC, High platelets and WBC

A

Idiopathic Myelofibrosis- a type of myeloproliferative neoplasm which is a bone marrow cancer where there is an excess production of certain formed elements

39
Q

Asymptomatic, abdomen discomfort due to splenomegaly, patches, haemorrhage or thrombosis and may progress to myelofibrosis and leukemia

A

Essential thrombocythaemia- due to JAK 2 mutation. JAK2 is responsible for proliferation of RBC, WBC and platelets

40
Q

Barrier dysfunction of protein bound to keratin in eczema

A

Filaggrin

41
Q

Arthritis hypersensitivity

A

Type 3

42
Q

Type 2 hypersensitivity with increased thyroid hormone production

A

Graves disease

43
Q

Autoimmunity where self proteins are classed as foreign or proteins which were shielded are exposed

A

Cryptic antigen

44
Q

JAK 2 Mutation

A

Affects the auto-inhibitory domain which allows receptor phosphorylation for signal transduction without ligand binding. Responsible for thrombocythemia, polycythaemia,

45
Q

T cells involved in immune tolerance

A

T reg cells

46
Q

Secondary polycythaemia caused by tumour

A

EPO secreting tumour, renal cell carcinoma or hepatocellular carcinoma

47
Q

Loss of immune functioning due to illness or treatment

A

Secondary immunodeficiency

48
Q

Effects of histamine

A

Gut bronchoconstriction, parietal cell secretion of gastric acid and vasodilation to cause oedema and skin itching

49
Q

Late response

A

Part of type 1 hypersensitivity- Eosinophils release peroxidase and cause tissue damage

50
Q

Goodpasture syndrome

A

Type 2 hypersensitivity of IgG recognition of collagen in kidney basement membrane

51
Q

Hypersensitivity mediated by IgM or IgG which causes cytotoxicity via complement activation or antibody

A

Type 2 hypersensitivity

52
Q

Tryptase

A

Released in mast cell degranulation which activates complement system

53
Q

Processing of self-antigens which leads to epitope spreading towards other self antigens

A

Bystander activation

54
Q

Treatment for anaphylaxis

A

Adrenaline/noradrenaline

55
Q

Effect of vasodilation on lymphatic system

A

Fluid oedema occurs which overexhausts the lymphatic system

Year 1 (191 decks)

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