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Year 1 > B2 W4 > Flashcards

B2 W4 Flashcards

1
Q

SVC

A

Superior vena cava comes from the common cardinal ceins

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2
Q

What joins the endocardial cushions to separate the ventricles?

A

Interventricular septum

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3
Q

Ventral aorta function

A

Ventral aorta joins the primitive heart tube and fuses to form the aortic sac.

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4
Q

Low pressure receptors

A

Stretch receptors in atria that cause blood pressure to fall. These are part of the natriuretic peptide system

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5
Q

Which arches disappear after pharyngeal arch 5?

A

Arch 1 and 2

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6
Q

Which pharyngeal aortic arches give rise to the vessels?

A

Pharyngeal arch 3, 4 and 6

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7
Q

What is the resistance to flow of liquid?

A

Viscosity

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8
Q

Which receptors are involved in short term control of BP?

A

Chemoreceptors/ Baroreceptors in the carotid artery and aortic arch.

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9
Q

What does the primitive ventricle give rise to?

A

Trabeculated (rough) R + L ventricles

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10
Q

What is the hormonal system for renal control of low blood pressure?

A

Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone

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11
Q

What gives rise to left subclavian artery?

A

Left 7th cervical intersegmental artery

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12
Q

What is the formation of new blood vessels?

A

Vasculogenesis. Angioblasts form islands and cords and canalisation occurs

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13
Q

Separate atria from ventricles during development

A

Atrioventricular endocardial cushions

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14
Q

Sinous venosus

A

Sinous venosus Gives rise to the smooth Right atrium, coronary sinus and oblique vein of LA

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15
Q

Where does the heart develop from?

A

Primary heart field

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16
Q

Primary heart field

A

Where heart develops from. Atria are laterally deposited and ventricular cells are medially deposited

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17
Q

What gives rise to the pulmonary artery?

A

6th pharyngeal arch

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18
Q

What is Pharyngeal arch 4?

A

Comes from the ventral aortic sac. Gives rise to aortic arch.

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19
Q

Which side does the heart loop towards during development?

A

Right side

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20
Q

Angioblastic cord

A

Angioblastic cords paired epithelial strands which canalise into the heart tubes.

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21
Q

What is the effect of prostaglandin?

A

Vasodilator which increases the GFR and reduce Na+ reabsorption

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22
Q

Increases blood pressure by acting as a potent vasoconstrictor and promotes aldosterone release

A

Angiotensin II

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23
Q

Which vessels are pressure reservoirs?

A

Arteries

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24
Q

Natriuretic peptide

A

Atrial natriuretic peptide Synthesised and stored by cardiomyocytes, released when BP is high to lower it

25
Q

What gives rise to the external carotid artery

A

Pharyngeal arch 3

26
Q

How are substances exchanged across capillary walls?

A

Diffusion, transcytosis and bulk flow

27
Q

Bradykinin

A

Potent vasodilator broken down by ACE to increase BP

28
Q

What are the metarteriole vascular shunts which control flow into the capillaries?

A

Precapillary sphincters

29
Q

Angiogenesis

A

Angiogenesis Formation of new blood vessels from pre-exiting blood vessels by budding and branching. Occurs during wound healing.

30
Q

Mechanorecepotrs that detect blood pressure

A

Baroreceptors

31
Q

What is the consequence of Atrial septal defect?

A

Causes frequent respiratory infections, difficulty breathing and heart palpitations

32
Q

Transcytosis

A

Transport where Substances in plasma are enclosed in pinocytic vesicles that enter endothelial cells by endocytosis and exit to the other side to other tissue by exocytosis

33
Q

Aorticopulmonary septum

A

Spiral that allows blood to bypass the lungs and joins the pulmonary artery with aorta

34
Q

Opening between atria which gets closed off by the descending septum primum

A

Foramen primum

35
Q

Vasomotor center

A

Area in the medulla which regulates blood pressure via vasodilation

36
Q

Which vessels have the highest cross sectional area?

A

Capillaries

37
Q

Dorsal aorta

A

Dorsal aorta Which blood vessels which provides nutrient rich blood to the body tissues in the embryo.

37
Q

Hemiangioblast

A

Hemiangioblast derived from mesoderm and ectoderm that produces blood cells

38
Q

Stroke volume

A

Blood ejected from the left ventricle of the heart in one contraction, determined by end diastolic volume, end systolic volume and preload, contractility and after load.

39
Q

Vasculogenesis

A

Formation of new blood vessels from angioblasts form islands and canals for canalisation

40
Q

Aortic arch

A

Aortic sac, left aortic horn and left 4th arch artery

41
Q

Bulbos cordus

A

Smooth Left and Right ventricles
-> includes conus arteriosus, outflow tract and infundibulum

42
Q

Truncus arteriosus

A

Ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk

43
Q

Primitive ventricle

A

Trabeculated L + R ventricle

44
Q

Primitive atria

A

Rough L + R atria

45
Q

Sinus venosus

A

Smooth R atria, coronary sinus and oblique vein of L atria

46
Q

L+ R differentiation of the heart

A

Cardiac looping

47
Q

Allows communication between the atria

A

Foramen secundum

48
Q

Allows blood to bypass the lungs and joins the pulmonary artery and aorta

A

Aorticopulmonary septum

49
Q

What regulates blood flow into tissues in response to demand?

A

Pre-capillary sphincters

50
Q

Aldosterone release

A

Adrenal cortex via action of angiotensin II

51
Q

ADH release

A

Posterior pituitary gland

52
Q

What ensures blood flow around the body?

A

Pressure

53
Q

Venous return is caused by…

A

Respiratory pump, muscular pump, gravity adn sympathetic venoconstriction

54
Q

What carries blood from foetus to placenta?

A

Umbilical vein

55
Q

Transcytosis

A

Substances in plasma are enclosed in pinocytic vesicles which enter via endocytosis into tissues and exit to the other side by exocyotosis

56
Q

Preload

A

Volume in the heart pre-contraction, affected by venous returnwwhich affects blood end diastolic volume

57
Q

Endocardium

A

Inner lining of the heart formed of simple squamous epithelia

Year 1 (191 decks)

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