anatomy of the musculoskeletal system Flashcards
What is the axial skeleton?
Head, neck, vertebrae, chest and the middle of the pelvis.
What is the appendicular skeleton?
Limbs, shoulder girdle, pelvic girdle and the lateral area surrounding the pubic symphysis
What is the shoulder girdle?
Articulation of the scapula and clavicle at the humerus of the upper limb
What is the acromicroclavicular joint?
Articulation of the acromion bony tip of the scapula and the clavicle
What is the glenohumeral joint?
Ball and socket joint between the humerus and the scapula
What are the 5 bone types?
Long, short, flat, irregular and sesamoid.
What is a sesamoid bone?
Imbedding within a tendon or muscle such as the patella (knee cap) metacarpopharyngeal
What is coxal bone?
The hip bone
What is a pneumatic bone?
It is an irregular Hollow bone to distribute weight such as the maxilla and the nasal cavity sinuses such as ethmoid, sphenoid, frontal and mastoid
What is a flat bone?
Scapula, ribs, sternum and cranial bones for protection and attachment by the muscles
What are the short bones?
Provide stability and are Cube shaped. Examples include the carpals and the tarsals which is an articulation of 7 irregularly shaped bones and the carpals
What are the long bones?
They function for leverage. Examples include:
(Lower limb) The femur, tibia, fibula, metatarsal and phalanges
(Upper limb)Humerus, radius, ulna, metacarpals and phalanges
What is an irregular bone?
They protect the internal organs and include the facial bones, Vertebra and sacrum
What is the endosteum?
Membrane lining the inner surface of bone
What is the composition of a synovial joint?
Skin with bursa sac above the joint capsule. Outermost layer is the fibrous membrane which has a fat deposit above the synovial membrane. This secretes synovial fluid into the articular cavity between the articular cartilage of two bones meeting.
What is the bursa?
Fluid filled sac below the skin above the joint capsule which reduce friction
Where is compact bone found?
Thickened in the diaphysis
Where is cancellous bone found?
At the articular ends of long bone
What are the synarthroses joints?
The synarthroses joints are immovable bone between fibrous tissue and includes:
-sutures in the skull
-intranasal betwene maxilla and frontal bone.
-synchondroses-hyaline cartilage joint between diaphysis and epiphysis of a single bone
-gomphoses which are the articulation of the teeth with the maxilla or mandible
What are the amphiarthrosis joints?
The syndesmosis: joint which has the tibiafibulararticulation and the radialulnar articulation. There is an interosseus membrane of fibrous tissue arranged in oblique which joins them
-the symphyses- fibrocartilage joint with some hyaline, eg pubic symphysis and vertebral joints
-cartilage that joints the ribs
What are the diarthrosis joints?
Synovial joint which has articular cartilage lining the bone articulation.
Hip and shoulder joint
Hinge joint
Pivot joint
What is a primary cartilagenous joint?
Primary cartilagenous joints are synchondroses (immovable) joints where bone and hyaline cartilage meet composed of hyaline cartilage. It is found between the ribs and costachondral cartilage, ossification centre of developing bone, manubrium and sternum.
What is a secondary cartilagenous joint?
Secondary cartilagenous joints are where articulation of hyaline cartilage. It is the sympheses formed of fibrocartilage. It includes the pubic symphysis, intervertebral discs and manubriosternal joint.
What is the plane joint?
Between the tarsal bones
What is the saddle joint?
Between trapezium carpal bone and 1st metacarpal bone
What are the types of muscle?
Circular, covergent, parallel fusiforom, parallel non-fusiform and pennate (sub-divided into uni-pennate, bi-pennate and multi-pennate),
What is a fasicle?
A bundle of muscle fibres bound together y the endomysium.
What is a fusiform muscle?
Muscle where the fibres are parallel in a spindle shape such as the biceps brachii. The non fusiform muscle is the sartorius which has a rectangular shape
