anatomy of the musculoskeletal system

Question 1

What is the axial skeleton?

Answer 1

Head, neck, vertebrae, chest and the middle of the pelvis.

Question 2

What is the appendicular skeleton?

Answer 2

Limbs, shoulder girdle, pelvic girdle and the lateral area surrounding the pubic symphysis

Question 3

What is the shoulder girdle?

Answer 3

Articulation of the scapula and clavicle at the humerus of the upper limb

Question 4

What is the acromicroclavicular joint?

Answer 4

Articulation of the acromion bony tip of the scapula and the clavicle

Question 5

What is the glenohumeral joint?

Answer 5

Ball and socket joint between the humerus and the scapula

Question 6

What are the 5 bone types?

Answer 6

Long, short, flat, irregular and sesamoid.

Question 7

What is a sesamoid bone?

Answer 7

Imbedding within a tendon or muscle such as the patella (knee cap) metacarpopharyngeal

Question 8

What is coxal bone?

Answer 8

The hip bone

Question 9

What is a pneumatic bone?

Answer 9

It is an irregular Hollow bone to distribute weight such as the maxilla and the nasal cavity sinuses such as ethmoid, sphenoid, frontal and mastoid

Question 9

What is a flat bone?

Answer 9

Scapula, ribs, sternum and cranial bones for protection and attachment by the muscles

Question 10

What are the short bones?

Answer 10

Provide stability and are Cube shaped. Examples include the carpals and the tarsals which is an articulation of 7 irregularly shaped bones and the carpals

Question 11

What are the long bones?

Answer 11

They function for leverage. Examples include:
(Lower limb) The femur, tibia, fibula, metatarsal and phalanges
(Upper limb)Humerus, radius, ulna, metacarpals and phalanges

Question 12

What is an irregular bone?

Answer 12

They protect the internal organs and include the facial bones, Vertebra and sacrum

Question 13

What is the endosteum?

Answer 13

Membrane lining the inner surface of bone

Question 14

What is the composition of a synovial joint?

Answer 14

Skin with bursa sac above the joint capsule. Outermost layer is the fibrous membrane which has a fat deposit above the synovial membrane. This secretes synovial fluid into the articular cavity between the articular cartilage of two bones meeting.

Question 15

What is the bursa?

Answer 15

Fluid filled sac below the skin above the joint capsule which reduce friction

Question 16

Where is compact bone found?

Answer 16

Thickened in the diaphysis

Question 17

Where is cancellous bone found?

Answer 17

At the articular ends of long bone

Question 18

What are the synarthroses joints?

Answer 18

The synarthroses joints are immovable bone between fibrous tissue and includes:
-sutures in the skull
-intranasal betwene maxilla and frontal bone.
-synchondroses-hyaline cartilage joint between diaphysis and epiphysis of a single bone
-gomphoses which are the articulation of the teeth with the maxilla or mandible

Question 19

What are the amphiarthrosis joints?

Answer 19

The syndesmosis: joint which has the tibiafibulararticulation and the radialulnar articulation. There is an interosseus membrane of fibrous tissue arranged in oblique which joins them
-the symphyses- fibrocartilage joint with some hyaline, eg pubic symphysis and vertebral joints
-cartilage that joints the ribs

Question 20

What are the diarthrosis joints?

Answer 20

Synovial joint which has articular cartilage lining the bone articulation.
Hip and shoulder joint
Hinge joint
Pivot joint

Question 21

What is a primary cartilagenous joint?

Answer 21

Primary cartilagenous joints are synchondroses (immovable) joints where bone and hyaline cartilage meet composed of hyaline cartilage. It is found between the ribs and costachondral cartilage, ossification centre of developing bone, manubrium and sternum.

Question 22

What is a secondary cartilagenous joint?

Answer 22

Secondary cartilagenous joints are where articulation of hyaline cartilage. It is the sympheses formed of fibrocartilage. It includes the pubic symphysis, intervertebral discs and manubriosternal joint.

Question 23

What is the plane joint?

Answer 23

Between the tarsal bones

Question 24

What is the saddle joint?

Answer 24

Between trapezium carpal bone and 1st metacarpal bone

Question 25

What are the types of muscle?

Answer 25

Circular, covergent, parallel fusiforom, parallel non-fusiform and pennate (sub-divided into uni-pennate, bi-pennate and multi-pennate),

Question 26

What is a fasicle?

Answer 26

A bundle of muscle fibres bound together y the endomysium.

Question 27

What is a fusiform muscle?

Answer 27

Muscle where the fibres are parallel in a spindle shape such as the biceps brachii. The non fusiform muscle is the sartorius which has a rectangular shape