B5 drugs Flashcards
Alendronic acid
Bisphosphate drug for osteoporosis. It inhibits osteoclasts by triggering apoptosis following binding to hydroxyapaptite crystals.
Calciferol
Vitamin D supplement for Osteoporosis and rickets and low phosphate. It increases reabsoprtion of calcium and phosphate in the small intestine.
HRT
Steroid hormone supplement for osteoporosis. Acts on osteoclasts to inhibit osteolysis. Increased risk for thromboembolism, breast and ovarian cancer risk.
Raloxifene
Selective oestrogen receptor modulator for osteoporosis and breast cancer. Cause bleeding and vasodilation.
Codeine
Opioid for moderate to severe pain and cough. In vivo, it is morphine which acts on mu receptors to inhibit glutamate and substance P.
Oxycodone
Post-operative opioid for moderate to severe pain. Binds to opioid receptors to inhibit the N-type voltage gated Ca2+ channels.
Lidocaine
Amide anaesthetic for pain releif in surgery. Binds to H+ ions and inhibits voltage gated Na+ channels. Causes cardiac arrest.
Tramadol
Opioid for moderate to severe pain and SNRI. It is converted into morphine in vivo. Inhibits serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake for pain transmission.
Zopiclone
GABA agonist Cyclopyrollone drug given for insomnia, which may be related to chronic pulmonary insufficiency that causes backflow. GABA agonist.
Dopamine
Amine drug for Parkinson’s disease which regulates movement. Causes dyspnoea as it acts on B2 adrenoreceptors and anxiety by acting on adrenoreceptors.
Levadopa
Dopamine agonist for Parkinson’s given with carbidopa to prevent conversion of levadopa outside the blood-brain barrier.
Tropicamide
Muscarinic antagonist for opthamology. Increases the sympathetic drive and causes pupil constriction -> photophobia and tacycardia. Contraindicated with narrow angle glaucoma.
