Anatomy B5 W1 Flashcards
Tip of the scapula
Acromion bone
What is the shoulder girdle?
Articulation of the scapula and clavicle at the humerus of the upper limb
What is the acromicroclavicular joint?
Articulation of the acromion bony tip of the scapula and the clavicle
What is the glenohumeral joint?
Ball and socket joint between the humerus and the scapula
What are the 5 bone types?
Long, short, flat, irregular and sesamoid.
What is a sesamoid bone?
Imbedding within a tendon or muscle such as the patella (knee cap) metacarpopharyngeal
What is coxal bone?
Also known as the hip bone
What is a pneumatic bone?
It is an irregular Hollow bone like the maxilla.
What is a flat bone?
Scapula, ribs, sternum and cranial bones for protection and attachment by the muscles
What are the short bones?
Carpals (hand) and tarsals (foot) which provide stability and are Cube shaped.
What are the long bones?
They function for leverage. Examples include:
(Lower limb) The femur, tibia, fibula, metatarsal and phalanges
(Upper limb)Humerus, radius, ulna, metacarpals and phalanges
What is the composition of a synovial joint?
Skin with bursa sac above the joint capsule. Outermost layer is the fibrous membrane which has a fat deposit above the synovial membrane. This secretes synovial fluid into the articular cavity between the articular cartilage of two bones meeting.
What is the bursa?
Fluid filled sac below the skin above the joint capsule which reduce friction
Where is cancellous bone found?
At the articular ends of long bone
What are the synarthroses joints?
Immovable bone between fibrous tissue and includes:
-sutures in the skull
-intranasal betwene maxilla and frontal bone.
-synchondroses-hyaline cartilage joint between diaphysis and epiphysis of a single bone
-gomphoses which are the articulation of the teeth with the maxilla or mandible
What are the amphiarthrosis joints?
The syndesmosis: joint which has the tibiafibulararticulation and the radialulnar articulation. There is an interosseus membrane of fibrous tissue arranged in oblique which joins them
-the symphyses- fibrocartilage joint with some hyaline, eg pubic symphysis and vertebral joints
-cartilage that joints the ribs
What are the diarthrosis joints?
Synovial joint which has articular cartilage lining the bone articulation.
Hip and shoulder joint
Hinge joint
Pivot joint
difference between primary and secondary cartilaginous joint
Primary cartilagenous joint is formed by hyaline cartilage, such as synchondrosis. Secondary cartilagenous joint is formed by fibrocartilage, such as symphysis.
What is a primary cartilagenous joint?
Synchondroses (immovable) joints where bone and hyaline cartilage meet composed of hyaline cartilage. It is found between the ribs and costachondral cartilage, between the diaphysis and epiphysis the ossification centre of developing bone, manubrium and sternum.
What is a secondary cartilagenous joint?
Secondary cartilagenous joints are where articulation of hyaline cartilage. It is the sympheses formed of fibrocartilage. It includes the pubic symphysis, intervertebral discs and manubriosternal joint.
What is the plane joint?
Between the tarsal bones and carpal bones where articular surfaces are flat and slide over each other
What is the saddle joint?
Between concave and convex regions like the trapezium carpal bone and 1st metacarpal bone in the thumb
What are the types of muscle?
Circular, covergent, parallel fusiforom, parallel non-fusiform and pennate (sub-divided into uni-pennate, bi-pennate and multi-pennate),
What is a fasicle?
A bundle of muscle fibres bound together y the endomysium.
What is a fusiform muscle?
Muscle where the fibres are parallel in a spindle shape such as the biceps brachii. The non fusiform muscle is the sartorius which has a rectangular shape
Circular muscle
Orbicularis oris
Convergent muscle
Pectoralis muscle
Unipennate muscle
Extensor digitorum
Parallel non-fusiform
Sartorius
Parallel fusiform
Biceps brachii
Multipennate muscle
Deltoid
