Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Year 1 > B8 W1 > Flashcards

B8 W1 Flashcards

1
Q

Women- aging effect on sexual response

A

Reduced vascular engorgement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

NATSAL

A

National survey of sexual attitudes and lifestyles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Excitement phase

A

Includes muscular contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Women in the excitement phase?

A

Elevation of the cervix and uterus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Where are Cowper’s glands located?

A

On either side of the urethra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What happens to the uterus in the orgasmic platform?

A

It is fully elevated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Emission phase in men

A

Smooth muscle contracts in the ductus deferens, prostate, semilunar vesicles and ampulla and internal and external urethra sphincters and semen pools in the urethral bulb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Ejaculation phase

A

Contraction of glands, ducts, urethral sphincter, filling of internal urethra causes pudendal nerve to contract genitals, ischiocavernosus and bulbospongiosus for expulsion of semen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Dyspareunia

A

Painful sexual intercourse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which conditions can cause erectile dysfunction?

A

Diabetes, coronary artery disease, renal failure, arthritis and the treatment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

FGM Type -EXCISION

A

Type 2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

FGM Type- Infibulation

A

Type 3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Muscular cavity where digestive waste and urine leave the embryo

A

Cloaca

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The kidneys present in embryo development

A

Pronephros, mesonephros and metanephros

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Pronephros

A

First set of kidneys which regress after 4 weeks and are non functional

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Mesonephros

A

Temporary and form urine, Become part of the urogenital system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Where does the bladder develop?

A

From urogenital region with opening to the allantosis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Where does the ductus deferens come from embryologically?

A

Wollfian duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What gives rise to the epididymis?

A

Remaining Mesonephric collecting tubules after Wollfian duct disappears

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the ejacultory duct?

A

Area where the ductus deferens enters the prostate gland and joins with the seminal vesicle that has an ampulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Region where urethra crosses the pelvic floor?

A

Membranous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the majority of the spongy urethra lined with?

A

Pseudostratified columnar epithelia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Which part of the urethra is lined with stratified squamous epithelia?

A

End of urethra in glans penis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Tubercle swelling

A

Gives rise to outer labia or scrotum?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

When does gonad development occur?

A

3.5-4.5 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

When do primordial germ cells undergo mitosis?

A

After colonising regions of the mesonephros

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Undifferentiated cells where gonads form?

A

Genital ridge/bipotential primordia, located on ventral surface of mesonephros

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What are the precursors of sertoli cells ?

A

Testis cords

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

FGF9

A

Chemotactic factor which causes tubules from the mesonephric duct to penetrate the gonadal ridge for testes development

30
Q

Primary oocytes

A

Enter meiosis and will form primary oocyte

31
Q

Are primary oocytes haploid or diploid?

A

Diploid

32
Q

Testes diploid cells

A

Spermatogonia- formed from primordial germ cells that become encased in sex cords and cease mitosis

33
Q

What does the Mullerian duct become?

A

Oviducts and uterus

34
Q

What maintains the Wollffian duct?

A

Androgens

35
Q

What causes Leydig cells to produce androgens?

A

FGF9 which maintains the Wollffian system

36
Q

Where is Anti-Mullerian hormone produced?

A

Pre-sertoli cells

37
Q

Chromosomes for congential adrenal hyperplasia

A

XX

38
Q

Why are Turner’s syndrome patients infertile?

A

No second X chromosome for germ cell development

39
Q

Pregnenolone

A

Precursor to sex steroid hormones

40
Q

Where do sex hormones develop in the cell?

A

Mitochondria

41
Q

Fox ligand 2/ FoxL2

A

Causes migration and condensation of epithelia around the primordial germ cell. This allows ovary formation.

42
Q

When are mitotic stages of development for women complete?

A

Before birth in foetus

43
Q

Oogensesis

A

Maturation of oocytes with pre-antral phase, antral phase and pre-ovulatory phase

44
Q

When does meoisis begin in oogenesis?

A

Primary oocyte in ovarian cycle

45
Q

What forms after mitosis stops and meiosis begins?

A

Primary oocyte- it is a diploid cell which is arrested in meiosis I

46
Q

When do the peak primordial germ cells form in females?

A

Week 20

47
Q

Epithelia of granulosa cells

A

Stratified cuboidal epithelia that secretes glycoproteins to form zona pellucida

48
Q

Theca folliculi

A

Surrounding connective tissue of oocyte?

49
Q

Pre-ovulatory stage of oocyte development?

A

Meiosis I is completed and LH surge. Unequal haploid cells form; the one with less cyptoplasm becomes first polar body. Second is the secondary oocyte that arrests in metaphase II. They both produce polar bodies

50
Q

Fimbriae

A

Projections at the end of fallopian tubes

51
Q

When does the secondary oocyte complete meiosis II?

A

During fertilisation- it will then implant into the uterine wall

52
Q

Where does oocyte develop?

A

In follicle

53
Q

What is the HPG axis?

A

Hypothalamus, anterior pituitary gland and gonads that regulate menstruation

54
Q

How does moderate levels of oestrogen affect HPG axis?

A

Negative feedback

55
Q

How do high oestrogen levels affect HPG axis?

A

Positive feedback

56
Q

How do both oestrogen and progesterone affect HPG axis?

A

Negative feedback

57
Q

What happens in follicular phase?

A

Beginning of menstrual cycle. Follicle develops independently. HPG produces FSH and LH for follicle growth. Negative feedback due to oestrogen levels increases means only one follicle survives.

58
Q

When are oestrogen levels high?

A

When there is LH surge, caused by positive feedback on HPG axis

59
Q

When is chorionic gonadotropin released?

A

When fertilisation occurs. It maintains the corpus luteum and supported by placental hCG to support pregnancy in luteal phase

60
Q

Cytoplasmic maturation

A

Rearrangment of cytoplasmic organelles for fertilisation- Mitochondria are relocated to periphery and cortical granules migrate to oocyte periphery

61
Q

What is the role of antimullerian hormone in menstruation?

A

Produced by granulosa cells to reglateand restrict follicular growth

62
Q

Which hormone regulates secondary sex characteristics?

A

Oestrogen

63
Q

Which phase of menstruation does the combined contraceptive mimic?

A

Luteal

64
Q

Role of LH in males

A

Leydig cell production

65
Q

FSH in males

A

Testicular growth and production of Sertoli cells

66
Q

Low levels of these hormones indicates delayed puberty

A

FSh and LH

67
Q

When does ovulation occur?

A

Day 14

67
Q

When does ovulation occur?

A

Day 14

68
Q

Tanner scale

A

Measures progression through puberty

69
Q

Percentage of sperm for fertilisation

A

4%

70
Q

Why does weight gain occur?

A

High levels of oestrogen. Testosterone is aromatised into oestrogen which increases fat. Testosterone maintains muscle

71
Q

How does testosterone affect the body?

A

Increases intracellular Ca2+ and causes hypertension, weight increase, increases RBC count (polycythaemia) by inhibiting iron absorption.

Year 1 (191 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions