Decision making and evidence Flashcards
What is descriptive epidemiology?
Describes how disease and health status varies to find how the outcome is distributed
What is an environmental study?
Environmental study is used to detail the interaction between a group and their environment.
What is an analytic study?
Measuring the association to find the determinants of distribution. This includes case-control, cross sectional and cohort studies.
What is an experimental study?
Testing a hypothesis to see if the outcome of distribution can be changed
What is incidence?
Incidence rate is how quickly disease occurs in a population, measured in person years.
1,762 people are followed up per year over a 17 year period. There were 61 new cases of breast cancer. Find the incidence rate
1,762 x 17= 29,954 years
61/29,954=0.002% incidence rate
What is cumulative incidence?
Cumulative incidence is the number of new cases as a measure of those initially free from disease. It is interchangeable with incidence and used as a proportion used for the prevention and treatment of disease.
What is incidence rate?
Incidence rate is the number of new cases over person years. It is a true rate used for research on prevention and treatment of disease.
What is prevalence?
Prevalence is how many people have a disease. It can decrease with death, recovery or emigration of ill people. It is the number of people currently with disease out of the total population. It is a proportion used for resource manangement and administration.
What is the prevalence of smoking over time?
In the 1940’s statistics showed links between smoking and lung cancer. This resulted in a decrease in smoking prevalence across all groups, with the greatest decrease in men who smoked any tobacco products.
What is the prevalence of smoking between individuals?
Men have a higher smoking prevalence than women. UK women have greater rates. High income women have the greatest smoking prevalence among women. Middle income men have the greatest among men.
What is the prevalence of smoking worldwide?
Middle income countries have the highest prevalence above the world average; high income have a greater prevalence than low income but both are below the world average.
What is the prevalence of smoking in the UK?
The country with the greatest incidence of lung cancer for both men and women is Scotland. Wales and England had a lower lung cancer incidence rate for men. For every country, the lung cancer incidence rate for women was above the national average.
What is the prevalence of smoking by regions?
Regions with a greater deprivation
How does smoking differ by social identity?
Higher smoking for:
Single people, lower education attainment, manual labour, mixed ethnic groups and those aged 25-34.
