Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Year 1 > BLock 8 > Flashcards

BLock 8 Flashcards

1
Q

What is an importnat consideration for diabetic nephropathy?

A

Loss of proteins such as antibodies in the kidneys to increase infection suscpetiblity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What causes the uterus to contract?

A

Prostaglandin.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which hormone increases during stress?

A

Cortisol and glucagon. Glucagon increases glucose availability for the sympathetic activation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the effect of cortisol and glucocorticoids on thyroid hormones?

A

Decreases thyroid hormones to direct energy to metabolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Korsakoff’s syndrome

A

Anterograde and retorgrade amnesia caused by damage to hypothalamus and thalamus and B1/thiamine deficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which receptors does dopamine effect?

A

B1 agonist that causes chornoropy, inotopry, increases BP and alpha 1 agonist that causes vasoconstriction
Obturator nerve
Supplies adductor longus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Nerve medially on thyroid gland, between oesophagus and trachea

A

Reccurrent laryngeal nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Superior thyroid artery

A

Branch of external carotid artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Effect of insulin

A

Stimualtes Na+/K+ ATPase pump.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Where is proinsulin formed?

A

RER of pancreatic beta cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Test for Addison’s disease

A

Synacthen test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How does cortisol travel in the blood?

A

It is lipophilic and bound to cortisol binding globulin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

WHat stimulates insulin release?

A

Gastric acid inhibitors, beta agonists, amino acids, fatty acids, glucose, vagal nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Effect of glucagon?

A

Increases somatostatin release

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Effect of insulin

A

Decreases somatostatin reease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Effect of somatostatin

A

Decreases glucaogn and insulin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the rate limiting step in steroid hormone formation?

A

Conversion of chlesterol to pregnenolone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Acute phase of injury

A

Increased proteloysis, fevere, reduction in WBC, reduced transport protein s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Insulin synthesis

A

Preproinsulin is synthesised in the nucleus. Pre-pro insulin is cleaved in the RER to form proinsulin. Proinsulin enters Golgi body and by action of endopeptidases, releases a C-peptide fragment.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What stimulates prolactin release of the pituitary gland?

A

Thyrotropin releasing hormone and PRH that act on ammotrophs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Effect of growth hromone?

A

Increases glycogenolysis, lipolysis + ketogenesis, stimulates protein synthesis, hypertension,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Effect of insulin

A

Increases Na+.K+ ATPase pump when binding to receptors which causes hypokalemia in excess. In severe insulin deficiency, there is hyperkaelia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Most abundant cell type in anterior pituitary gland

A

Somatotrophs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Least common cell in adrenohypophysis

A

thyrotrophs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Inhibition of insulin

A

Sympathetic nerves, adrenaline, beta blockers

26
Q

Effect of exercise on gluose?

A

Early drop because of increased muscle glucose uptake and late drop because of replacement of muscle nad liver glycogen. There is also occasional rise due to adrenaline and insulin.

27
Q

Glucagon structure

A

Simple polypetide chain produced when there is high amino acids or low blood glucose

28
Q

What attaches the ovary to the lateral pelvic wall?

A

Suspensory ligament of ovaries

29
Q

What attaches the cervix/vagina to posterior pelvic wall?

A

Uterosacral ligament

30
Q

What attaches cervix to lateral pelvic wall?

A

Cardinal ligament which contains the uterine vessels.

31
Q

Wjat are the layers of the scrotum?
skin,

A

External spermatic fascia, internal spermatic fasica and parietal layer of tunica vaginalis

32
Q

What attaches the uterus, fallopian tjubes and ovaries to pelvic wall?

A

Broad ligament which contains the ovaries, fallopain tube and round lgiament

33
Q

Where is fertilisaiton likely to occur?

A

Ampulla of fallopian tube

34
Q

What is a salpingectomy?

A

Remvoal of fallopain tube

35
Q

What is post partum haemorrhae caused by?

A

Failure of terus to contract so oxytocin would be given to stimulate uterine contraction

36
Q

When does theca layer develop?

A

In pre-antral follicle

37
Q

What forms the external spermatic fascia?

A

External oblique aponeurosis

38
Q

What forms the blood-testis barrier?

A

Sertoli cells

39
Q

Response to hypoglycaemia

A

Stress response via sympathetic activation

40
Q

Where is HcG secreted?

A

Synctiotrophoblast after implantation to increase corpus luteum to produce progesterone

41
Q

Which hormone is an indicator of fertility?

A

Progesterone

42
Q

What is the change marked by primordial follicle -> primary follicle?

A

Zona pellucida

43
Q

Origin of tunica vaginalis?

A

Peritnoeum

44
Q

Which part of the follicle produces hormones to prepare womb?

A

Granulosa cells

45
Q

Gubernaculum

A

Determines path of testes descend from L2 vertebrae level in the abdominalcavity to the scrotum. Issue with this causes testicular torsion.

46
Q

Which fornix lies close to the rectouterine pouch?

A

Posterior fornix

47
Q

Normal position of uterus?

A

Anteflexed and anteverted

48
Q

What triggers ejection of milk?

A

Oxytocin

49
Q

Where is hcG produced

A

Synctiotrophoblast cells of the placenta

50
Q

Insulin receptor

A

Tyrosine kinase

51
Q

What deficiencies are expected with cystic fibrosis?

A

Vitamin A, D E and K due to reduced pancreatic lipase secretion

52
Q

What deficiencies are expected with cystic fibrosis?

A

Vitamin A, D E and K due to reduced pancreatic lipase secretion

53
Q

What reduces folate absorption?

A

Epilpetic medication phenytoin

54
Q

What induces labour excluding oxytocin?

A

Prostaglandin, a product of arachidionic acid

55
Q

What is the derivative of thyroid hormones?

A

Tyrosine

56
Q

Satiety center of hypothalamus

A

Ventromedial nucleus

57
Q

Leison to paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus

A

Leads to diabetes insipidus

58
Q

Innervation of external anal sphincter

A

Inferior rectal branch of pudendal nerve. Controlled by autonomic voluntary nervous system.

59
Q

Innervation of external urethra

A

Perineal branch of pudendal nerve this also supplies perineal muscles

60
Q

Action of prolactin

A

Ligand binds to prolactin receptors which stimulates dimerisation. Janus activated kinase (JAKS) proteins are then activated which cross phosphorylate the adjacent subunit of tyrosine residues on the intracellular catalyctic domain to activate it. STATS are signal transducer activator of transcription. They bind to the phosphorylated residues of the intracellular catalyctic domain and undergo tyrosine phosphorylation by JAKS. They dimersie and translocate to the nucleus to alter gene expression.

Year 1 (191 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions