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Year 1 > B8 W2 > Flashcards

B8 W2 Flashcards

1
Q

What happens to blood vessels during stroke?

A

They become blocked due to a clot or burst due to hypertension- this occurs in the brain

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2
Q

Why are vasodilators not reccommended after stroke?

A

Causes sudden drop in BP

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3
Q

What is cGMP pathways involved in?

A

Vasodilation of the blood vessels in the body and lungs. It is broken down by phosphodiesterase enzyme

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4
Q

External os

A

Part of the cervical canal that communicates with vagina

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5
Q

Internal os

A

Part of the cervical canal that connects to the uterine body

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6
Q

Fundus

A

Rounded portion of uterus with peritoneum draped over

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7
Q

Male mesonephric duct gives rise to..

A

Wolffian duct which has ductus deferens and epididymis

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8
Q

Collecting tubules of mesonephric duct becomes…

A

Epipdidyis

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9
Q

Uterus formation

A

Paramesonephric duct meet in the midline and fuse, and the wall degrades

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10
Q

Paramesonephric duct

A

Forms proximal 1/3 of vagina, uterus and oviducts/uterine tube

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11
Q

Distal 1/3 of vagina

A

Urogenital sinus

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12
Q

Proximal 1/3 of vagina

A

Paramesonephric duct

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13
Q

Vaginal canal

A

Sinuvaginal bulb

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14
Q

What provides nerves and blood vessels to the uterus?

A

Peritoneum which acts as mesentery of uterus and drapes over it

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15
Q

Ectopic pregnanacy

A

Pregnancy outside the uterus in the peritoneal lining that can cause haemorrhage.

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16
Q

Remnant of gubernaculum in females

A

Round ligament- connects the female gonad to labia majora

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17
Q

Remnant of gubernaculum in males?

A

Connects the testes to the scrotum and inguinal canal

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18
Q

Outermost layer of uterus

A

Perimetrium- it is a layer of peritoneum?

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19
Q

Innermost layer of uterus

A

Endometrium- contains stratum basale and stratum functionale

20
Q

Middle layer of uterus

A

Myometrium- contains uterine artery and branches.

21
Q

Spiral artery

A

Branch of uterine artery which supplies blood to the starcum functionale of the endometrium

22
Q

Which layer of uterus changes during menstruation?

A

Endometrium

23
Q

What layer of the endometrium dies not change during mentrual cycle?

A

Stratum basale

24
Q

Cervix

A

Cinnection between uterus and vagina. Has change in histology from simple columnar epithelia to stratified squamous non keratinising

25
Q

Fornix

A

Recess in upper vagina when the cervix protrudes into vaginal wall. Posteriorly, it is close to the recto-uterine pouch

26
Q

Blood supply to non-gonadal structures

A

->Internal iliac artery
internal pudendal artery for blood supply to

external female genitalia
uterine artery -> spiral artery
vaginal artery

27
Q

Internal pudendal artery

A

Provides blood to external female genitalia

28
Q

Roof of perineum

A

Pelvic diaphragm

29
Q

Ischioanal fossa

A

Space between pelvic diaphragm and perineal membrane filled with fat

30
Q

Perineal body

A

Tendinous tissue in midline of perineum. Muscles can insert

31
Q

Perineal pouch

A

Potential space between perineal membrane. Superior is close to the skin and inferior

32
Q

Pair of erectile female tissue

A

Vestibular glands. Located at opening vagina below bulbs of vestibule which lubricate vaginal surface for intercourse

33
Q

Pudendal vein drains into….

A

Vesicle plexus, venous plexus around urinary bladder

34
Q

UK Medical Eligibility criteria

A

Guidelines for contraceptives

35
Q

Ovarian cycle

A

Follicular phase, ovulation and luteal phase

36
Q

Menstrual cycle

A

Menstruation, proliferative and secretory

37
Q

Mean survival of sperm

A

1.47

38
Q

Indicators of fertility used in fertility awareness methhod of contraceptions

A

Temperature, cervical secretions, calender, stanard days method

39
Q

Lactational amenorrhea method

A

Amenorrhoea, fully breast feeding, less than 6/12 post partum

40
Q

Combined hormonal contracpetion action

A

Inhibits ovulation and reduce LH and FSH. It alters cervical mucus and endometrium

41
Q

What are the prinicples of use of combined hromonal contracpetives?

A

Use for 7 days, then 7 day free bleed

42
Q

Risk of antibiotics with combined hormonal contracpetion?

A

Cause diarrhoea, vomiting and may cause loss of pregnancy

43
Q

Liver enzyme inducers

A

Anti-epileptics, antibacterial, anti-depressant such as St John;s worts and anti-retroviral

44
Q

Advantages of combined hromonal contraception

A

Regulates menstruation, reduces heavy bleeding. Reduces risk of endometrial and ovarian cancer.

45
Q

Disadvantage of combined hormonal contraception

A

Increases thromboembolism, increases stroke, breast cancer and cervical cancer

46
Q

Cautions for progesterone contraception

A

Unexplained vaginal bleeding, CVD and breast cancer

47
Q

Desogestrel

A

Progesterone pills-Increases volume and viscosity of cervical mucus Causes anovulatory cycles

Year 1 (191 decks)

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