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Year 1 > B1 W2 + partial W3 recall > Flashcards

B1 W2 + partial W3 recall Flashcards

1
Q

What is the cap on the 5’ end?

A

mGTP

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2
Q

Pyramidine bases

A

cytosine, thymine and uracil

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3
Q

Purine bases

A

Adenine and guanine

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4
Q

Large ribsomal subunit

A

Joins amino acids together

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5
Q

Small ribosomal subunit

A

holds the mRNA and allows tRNA to bind to it

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6
Q

Genetic recombination

A

Rearrangement of chromosomes to introduce variation

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7
Q

Mitotic spindle

A

Derived from microtubule proteins extending from the centriole organelle creating the spindle threads. It attaches to the chromosome via the kinetechore

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8
Q

Missense substitution

A

Causes a different amino acid to be produced

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9
Q

Acrocentric

A

Has shorter p arm; longer q arm

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10
Q

Where does RNA polymerase bind?

A

Promoter region

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11
Q

Number of chromosomes in haploid cells

A

23

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12
Q

What is DNA condensed into before mitosis?

A

Chromosome

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13
Q

How is DNA contained in the nucleus?

A

Chromatin

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14
Q

Number of chromosomes in diploid cells

A

46

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15
Q

Short tandem repeats

A

Repeated DNA sequence with varied length and no of repeats

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16
Q

Hardy Weinburg equilibrium

A

Allele frequencies remain constant so evolution does not occur

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17
Q

Short interfering RNA

A

Double stranded RNA that attach to mRNA sequence to silence the gene

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18
Q

The phase in the cell cycle when DNA is replicated

A

Interphase synthesis

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19
Q

The phase in the cell cycle when the cell makes more proteins and grows larger

A

Interphase Gap 1

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20
Q

The stage of the cell cycle in which DNA is synthesised

A

Interphase

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21
Q

What is the site of DNA cross over on the chromosome?

A

The chiasmata

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22
Q

Purine bases

A

Adenine and guanine

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23
Q

Pyramidine

A

Cytosine, thymine and uracil

24
Q

What is mesenchyme?

A

Mesenchyme is the embryonic mesoderm within a gelatinous ground substance where connective tissue, the circulatory system and lymphatic system is derived from

25
Q

What is the origin of the lymphatic system?

A

Mesenchyme

26
Q

What is the origin of the circulatory system?

A

Mesenchyme

27
Q

What is the origin of connective tissue?

A

Mesenchyme

28
Q

Which proteins make up tight junctions?

A

Claudin

29
Q

Epiblast

A

Inner cell mass of the embryo

30
Q

Eukaryotic pathogens

A

Protists/protozoa such as malaria and helminths

31
Q

Unicellular eukaryotic pathogen

A

Protists

32
Q

Eosinophils

A

Granulocytes involved in the type 1 allergic response where IgE induces degranulation. It has a bilobed nucleus

33
Q

Cocci

A

Bacteria with a spherical shape

34
Q

Baccili

A

Bacteria with characteristic rod shape

35
Q

Collagen

A

Contains high levels of glycine to coil into a triple helix

36
Q

Fibroblast

A

Produces collagen

37
Q

Blastocoel cavity formation

A

Morula pumps out Na+ ions

38
Q

Prokaryotes

A

No membrane bound nucleus, 60s ribosomes and extrachromosomal plasmid DNA

39
Q

Peptidoglycan

A

Formed of sugars and amino acids which make up the bacterial cell wall. Found in gram negative bacteria

40
Q

Piwi RNA

A

RNA which form an RNA silencing complex with Piwi proteins.

41
Q

Proteins associated with DNA

A

Histones

42
Q

Phase where cell checks DNA has been copied

A

Interphase Gap 2

43
Q

Point of attachment for a centromere to a chromosome

A

Kinetechore

44
Q

mGTP

A

Caps mRNA at the 5’ end to protect it

45
Q

Chiasmata

A

Site of crossover for homologous chromosomes in recombination

46
Q

Hardy-Weinburg equilibrium

A

Allele frequencies remain constant generationally due to no migration, mutation or natural selection

47
Q

Short interfering RNA

A

Double stranded RNA which attaches to mRNA to silence it

48
Q

Chromosomal scaffold

A

Chromosome shape when chromosome is supercoiled and associated with non histone proteins

49
Q

What causes abnormal gamete number?

A

Chromosomal disjunction when homologous chromosome pairs fail to separate and there is unequal chromosomal segregation

50
Q

DNA strand which mRNA forms an RNA copy

A

Sense strand

51
Q

Start codon for translation

A

AUG

52
Q

RNA interference

A

Blocking gene expression through miRNA, piRNA or siRNA

53
Q

Section of DNA which separates nucleosomes

A

Linker DNA

54
Q

Genetic linkage

A

Tendency for chromsomes close together to be inherited

55
Q

Amino acid for start codon

A

Methionine

Year 1 (191 decks)

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