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Year 1 > Anatomy and histology of the male pelvis > Flashcards

Anatomy and histology of the male pelvis Flashcards

1
Q

What are the borders of the male pelvis?

A

Roof is the peritoneum

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2
Q

What is the precursor to the bladder?

A

The allantosis

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3
Q

What is the urogenital sinus?

A

Located in the base of the cloaca and consists of the primitive urinary and lower reproductive systems prior to separation. Upper reproductive systems form from the Wollffian or Mullerian duct.

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4
Q

What is the male urogenital sinus?

A

Prostatic gland, prostatic urethra and Cowper’s gland.

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5
Q

What is the female urogenital sinus?

A

Lower vagina, Bartholin’s gland and urethral and paraurethral gland

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6
Q

What is the cloaca?

A

Component of the hindgut which consists of the urogenitals and the rectum.

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7
Q

What happens to the cloaca during development?

A

It becomes seprated by anorectal septation to maintain a separate urinary and rectal passage.

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8
Q

What is the mesonephros?

A

Temporary kidney during development. It has Wollffian duct directly leading from it to the bladder allantosis. Laterally surrounded by the Mullerian duct.

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9
Q

What is the Cowper’s glands?

A

Produces pre-ejaculatory fluid to cleanse and purify the urethra.

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10
Q

What is the metanephros?

A

Embryological precursor to the kidneys.

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11
Q

What is the role of the Wollffian duct?

A

Carries contents from the mesonephros and metanephros to the bladder. Becomes the male internal genitalia.

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12
Q

What is the role of the Mullerian duct?

A

Carries contents directly to the bladder and becomes the female internal genitalia which is the upper vagina, uterus.

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13
Q

What is the paramesophric duct?

A

Mullerian duct.

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14
Q

What is the mesonephric duct?

A

Wollffian duct.

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15
Q

What is the epidydymis?

A

On top of the testes which contain and store mature sperm.

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16
Q

What is the seminal vesicle?

A

Produces seminal fluid to nourish and give sperm nutrients.

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17
Q

What is the vas deferens?

A

Tract which carries mature sperm from the epidymis to empty into the ejaculatory duct so sperm will be in the urethra. It is part of the spermatic cord.

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18
Q

What is the spermatic cord?

A

Passes through the inguinal canal and suspends the testes. Contains the testicular artery and the vas deferens.

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19
Q

Which ducts and glands are present on the posterior surface of the male bladder?

A

Ductus deferens and seminal vesicle

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20
Q

What are the histological zones of the urethra?

A

Pseudostratified columnar epithelia, stratified squamous epithelia and transitional epithelia.

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21
Q

Which region of the prostate is responsible for benign prostatic enlargement?

A

Central zone surrounds the ejaculatory ducts and contains the transitional zone and paraurethral zone surrounding the bladder and peripheral zone

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22
Q

Which region of the prostate is responsible for carcinoma?

A

The peripheral zone.

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23
Q

What is the function of the prostate gland?

A

Produces fluid that makes up the non-sperm part of semen.

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24
Q

What are the components of the male urethra?

A

Prostatic zone, membranous zone and spongy/penile zone

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25
Q

What is the prostatic zone?

A

Contains transitional epithelia. It is the widest part of the urethra which transmit urine or semen into the urogenitary tract. Urinary incontinence is affected here.

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26
Q

What is the membranous zone?

A

Contains psuedostratified columnar epithelia. It consists of perineal muscle and carries urine and semen out of the ody. It is where you hold urine and surrounded by the external anal sphincter

27
Q

What is the spongy/penile zone?

A

Contains stratified squamous non keratinising. It transmit urine or semen out of the body.

28
Q

What is the perineum?

A

Skin between the genitals and the anus. It has a superior and deep perineal pouch

29
Q

What are the borders of the perineum?

A

Roof is the pelvic diaphragm formed of the coccygeus and levator ani muscles. It has 2 hiatus; urogenital hiatus and anal hiatus.

30
Q

What is the pelvic diaphragm?

A

Muscles which consist of the coccygeus and levator ani and form the roof of the perineum

31
Q

What is the perineal membrane?

A

Membrane overlying the perineum and is separated into a superior and inferior perineal pouch.

32
Q

What covers most of the pelvic outlet?

A

Pelvic diaphragm

33
Q

What is the levator ani?

A

Striated smooth muscle; Iliococcygeus, pubococcygeus and muscles and puborectalis

34
Q

What is the space between the perineal membrane and pelvic diaphragm?

A

Ilio-ischioanal fossae

35
Q

What is the deep perineal pouch?

A

Space between the perineal membrane and the deeper muscles such as the pevlic diaphragm and levator ani.

36
Q

What are the divisions of the urogenital triangle?

A

Anterior border is pelvic diaphragm, Posterior border is the transverse perineal muscle. Roof is peritoenal cavity and floor is the perineum

37
Q

How does the penis develop from the indifferent stage?

A

Genital tubercle enlarges and becomes the glans penis, the tubercle swellings becomes the scrotum where the testes are contained and the urogenital fold zips to become the urethra and the urogenital groove enlarges to become the shaft of the penis.

38
Q

What is the function of the corpus cavernosus?

A

Forms most of the penis and contains blood vessels that fill to cause erection

39
Q

What is the function of the corpus spongiosum?

A

Surrounds urethra and vascularised to cause erection.

40
Q

What surrounds the corpus cavernosus?

A

Ischiocavernosus muscle

41
Q

What surrounds the corpus spongiosum?

A

Bulbospongiosus muscle

42
Q

What provides most of the innervation to the perineum?

A

Pudendal nerve provides sensory and motor innervatin.

43
Q

How can cycling for long periods of time affect the perineum?

A

Can lead to impotence due to compression of the pudendal nerve

44
Q

What is the parasympathetic innervation to the perineum?

A

The parasypathetic fibres from S2-S4 via vagus which cause vasodilation, erection and urination via relaxation of the internal urethral sphincter

45
Q

What is the sympathetic innervation to the perineum?

A

Sympathetic fibres from T10-L2 and it causes vasoconstriction, smooth muscle contraction of the internal anal sphincter to prevent urination and cause ejaculation

46
Q

What is the blood supply to the perineum and penis excluding the testes?

A

Internal pudendal artery which is a branch of the internal iliac

47
Q

What is the venous drainage of the perineum?

A

Internal pudendal vein into the internal iliac vein. The deep dorsal vein drains the glans penis and the corpus cavernosus into the prostate plexus.

48
Q

Bony landmarks of perineum?

A

Pubic symphysis, ischial tuberosities and coccyx

49
Q

Which muscle supports the anus?

A

Levator ani

50
Q

Which muscle must be relaxed for defecation?

A

Puborectal muscle

51
Q

Anterior ischioanal fossa

A

Where blood supply and fat is found. Located between perineal membrane and levator ani

52
Q

Space between perineal membrane and fascia?

A

Superior perineal pouch

53
Q

Where are male erectile tissues found?

A

Superior perineal pouch- this will have the corpus cavernosus and corpus spongiosum

54
Q

Surrounds the male urethra and fills with blood for erection?

A

Corpus spongiosum

55
Q

Raffe

A

Scar at end of penis after zipping of urethral fold

56
Q

Perineal body?

A

Fibromuscular tissue between urogenital and anal triangle

57
Q

Blood supply to male gonad

A

Testicular artery

58
Q

Vein on surface of penis

A

Deep dorsal vein draining the shaft into the internal pudendal vein

59
Q

Hormone for sexual dimorphism

A

Y

60
Q

Progenitor of tubercle swellings

A

Testes

61
Q

Progenitor of Genital tubercle enlarges

A

Glans penis

62
Q

Urogenital fold becomes…

A

Urethra

63
Q

Urogenital groove

A

Shaft of penis

Year 1 (191 decks)

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