Anatomy B8 Flashcards
Which muscles cover the anterior surface of the thyroid gland?
Sternohyoid
Round ligament
Peritoneum which is a continuation of the ligament of the uterus that connects the ovary to the labia majora external genitalia by passing through the inguinal canal
Pudendal nerve
S2-S4 mixed nerve which provides somatic and motor sensation to the urethral sphincter, anal sphincter and genitalia.
Suspensory ligament of Ovary
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Fold of peritoneum from the broad ligament extending to attach ovary to pelvic wall. Contains ovarian artery, ovarian vein, ovarian nerve plexus. Left ovarian vein is a branch of the left renal vein. Right ovarian vein is a branch of the IVC.
Umbilical fasica
Fascia layer between medial umbilical ligament and becomes continouus with visceral fascia of bladder
Anal apeture
Opening of the anal canal, Located between the right and left ischioanal fossa in the perineal triangle.
Pubocervical ligament
Vesicouterine fold of peritoneum connecting the cervix of the uterus to the pubic symphysis
Sacrotuberous ligament
Stabilises sacroiliac joint and connects pelvis to vertebral column
Which muscle provides the force for ejaculation?
Bulbospongiousus
What is the role of the superficial transverse perineal muscle?
To attach to and stabilise the perineal body.
What is the shortest part of the urethra?
Membranous urethra which is surrounded by the external anal sphincter and is formed of pseudostratified columnar epithelia
Which part of the urethra has voluntary control over urine?
Membranous urethra due to external anal sphicnter formed of skeletal muscle surrounding it
What becomes hard during erection?
Corpus cavernosus/crura of penis. Bulb of penis/ corpus spongiosus stays soft.
What forms the bulb of the penis?
Corpus spongiosus
Where is the external male urethra located?
In the corpus spongiosus
What is the outermost layer of the testes?
Tunica vaginalis which has a parietal layer and visceral layer where it overlays the penis. There is a potential fluid filled layer between them.
What is the middle layer of the testes?
Tunica albuginea which is tough and fibrous and overlays testis.
What is the innermost layer of the testes?
Tunica vasculosa has an areolar tissue layer containing the blood vessels.
What attaches the uterus to the pelvis?
Broad ligament
What covers ovarian surface?
Mesosalphinx- double fold of peritoneum
What attaches ovary to uterus?
Ligament of ovary- double fold of periotneum
What attaches ovary to broad ligament?
Mesovarium- does not cover ovary surfac
What surrounds the labia minora?
Bulbospongiousus muscle
What closes the pelvic outlet?
Pelvic diaphragm
What is the obturator nerve?
Nerve from the lumbar plexus, where T12 to L5 exit the spinal cord via intervertebral foramina. It supplies innervation to the obturator internus muscle.
Anal aperture
Located between the left and right Ischioanal fossae
Crura of penis
Attachments of the corpus cavernosus to prevent erect penis sinking into perineum.
Crura of clitoris
Attachments of the corpus cavernosus.
Suspensory ligament of ovary
Fold of peritoneum from the broad ligament extending to attach ovary to pelvic wall. Contains ovarian artery, ovarian vein, ovarian nerve plexus.
Isthmus
Connects ampulla and infundibulum of uterine tube to the uterus.
Broad ligament
Sheet of peritoneum from the pelvic walls to fold over the internal female genitalia and cover surface anteriorly and posteriorly.
Ovarian ligament
Attached inferiorly to the ovary and connects it to the uterus.
Perineal body
Located at junction of urogenital and anal triangle. Tendon connecting perineal membrane to pelvic muscle.
What muscles make up the pelvic floor?
Levator ani and cocygeus muscle. They separate the perineum from the pelvic cavity and form the roof of the perineum.
Urogenital sinus
Base of cloaca, primitive urinary and lower reproductive systems
Male urogenital sinus
Prostatic gland, prostatic urethra and Cowper’s gland.
Female urogenital sinus
Lower vagina, Bartholin’s gland and urethral and paraurethral gland.
Spermatic cord
permatic cord
Passes through the inguinal canal and suspends the testes. Contains the testicular artery and the vas deferens.
Central zone
containing transitional and paraurethral zones
Responsible for benign prostatic enlargement
Peripheral zone
Responsible for carcinoma
Part of urethra for urinary incontiennce
Prostatic urethra which is the widest part of urethra, contains transitional epithelia, affects urinary incontinence.
Membranous urethra
Contains pseudostratified columnar epithelia, consists of perineal muscle, carries urine and semen. Surrounded by external anal sphincter
Which part of the uterus layers contains the uterine artery?
Myometrium
Levator ani
Striated smooth muscle consisting of iliococcygeus, pubococcygeus, and puborectalis.
