Anatomy B8

Question 1

Which muscles cover the anterior surface of the thyroid gland?

Answer 1

Sternohyoid

Question 2

Round ligament

Answer 2

Peritoneum which is a continuation of the ligament of the uterus that connects the ovary to the labia majora external genitalia by passing through the inguinal canal

Question 3

Pudendal nerve

Answer 3

S2-S4 mixed nerve which provides somatic and motor sensation to the urethral sphincter, anal sphincter and genitalia.

Question 4

Suspensory ligament of Ovary
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Answer 4

Fold of peritoneum from the broad ligament extending to attach ovary to pelvic wall. Contains ovarian artery, ovarian vein, ovarian nerve plexus. Left ovarian vein is a branch of the left renal vein. Right ovarian vein is a branch of the IVC.

Question 5

Umbilical fasica

Answer 5

Fascia layer between medial umbilical ligament and becomes continouus with visceral fascia of bladder

Question 6

Anal apeture

Answer 6

Opening of the anal canal, Located between the right and left ischioanal fossa in the perineal triangle.

Question 7

Pubocervical ligament

Answer 7

Vesicouterine fold of peritoneum connecting the cervix of the uterus to the pubic symphysis

Question 8

Sacrotuberous ligament

Answer 8

Stabilises sacroiliac joint and connects pelvis to vertebral column

Question 9

Which muscle provides the force for ejaculation?

Answer 9

Bulbospongiousus

Question 10

What is the role of the superficial transverse perineal muscle?

Answer 10

To attach to and stabilise the perineal body.

Question 11

What is the shortest part of the urethra?

Answer 11

Membranous urethra which is surrounded by the external anal sphincter and is formed of pseudostratified columnar epithelia

Question 12

Which part of the urethra has voluntary control over urine?

Answer 12

Membranous urethra due to external anal sphicnter formed of skeletal muscle surrounding it

Question 13

What becomes hard during erection?

Answer 13

Corpus cavernosus/crura of penis. Bulb of penis/ corpus spongiosus stays soft.

Question 14

What forms the bulb of the penis?

Answer 14

Corpus spongiosus

Question 15

Where is the external male urethra located?

Answer 15

In the corpus spongiosus

Question 16

What is the outermost layer of the testes?

Answer 16

Tunica vaginalis which has a parietal layer and visceral layer where it overlays the penis. There is a potential fluid filled layer between them.

Question 17

What is the middle layer of the testes?

Answer 17

Tunica albuginea which is tough and fibrous and overlays testis.

Question 18

What is the innermost layer of the testes?

Answer 18

Tunica vasculosa has an areolar tissue layer containing the blood vessels.

Question 19

What attaches the uterus to the pelvis?

Answer 19

Broad ligament

Question 20

What covers ovarian surface?

Answer 20

Mesosalphinx- double fold of peritoneum

Question 21

What attaches ovary to uterus?

Answer 21

Ligament of ovary- double fold of periotneum

Question 22

What attaches ovary to broad ligament?

Answer 22

Mesovarium- does not cover ovary surfac

Question 23

What surrounds the labia minora?

Answer 23

Bulbospongiousus muscle

Question 24

What closes the pelvic outlet?

Answer 24

Pelvic diaphragm

Question 25

What is the obturator nerve?

Answer 25

Nerve from the lumbar plexus, where T12 to L5 exit the spinal cord via intervertebral foramina. It supplies innervation to the obturator internus muscle.

Question 26

Anal aperture

Answer 26

Located between the left and right Ischioanal fossae

Question 27

Crura of penis

Answer 27

Attachments of the corpus cavernosus to prevent erect penis sinking into perineum.

Question 28

Crura of clitoris

Answer 28

Attachments of the corpus cavernosus.

Question 29

Suspensory ligament of ovary

Answer 29

Fold of peritoneum from the broad ligament extending to attach ovary to pelvic wall. Contains ovarian artery, ovarian vein, ovarian nerve plexus.

Question 30

Isthmus

Answer 30

Connects ampulla and infundibulum of uterine tube to the uterus.

Question 31

Broad ligament

Answer 31

Sheet of peritoneum from the pelvic walls to fold over the internal female genitalia and cover surface anteriorly and posteriorly.

Question 32

Ovarian ligament

Answer 32

Attached inferiorly to the ovary and connects it to the uterus.

Question 33

Perineal body

Answer 33

Located at junction of urogenital and anal triangle. Tendon connecting perineal membrane to pelvic muscle.

Question 34

What muscles make up the pelvic floor?

Answer 34

Levator ani and cocygeus muscle. They separate the perineum from the pelvic cavity and form the roof of the perineum.

Question 35

Urogenital sinus

Answer 35

Base of cloaca, primitive urinary and lower reproductive systems

Question 36

Male urogenital sinus

Answer 36

Prostatic gland, prostatic urethra and Cowper’s gland.

Question 37

Female urogenital sinus

Answer 37

Lower vagina, Bartholin’s gland and urethral and paraurethral gland.

Question 38

Spermatic cord

Answer 38

permatic cord
Passes through the inguinal canal and suspends the testes. Contains the testicular artery and the vas deferens.

Question 39

Central zone

Answer 39

containing transitional and paraurethral zones
Responsible for benign prostatic enlargement

Question 40

Peripheral zone

Answer 40

Responsible for carcinoma

Question 41

Part of urethra for urinary incontiennce

Answer 41

Prostatic urethra which is the widest part of urethra, contains transitional epithelia, affects urinary incontinence.

Question 42

Membranous urethra

Answer 42

Contains pseudostratified columnar epithelia, consists of perineal muscle, carries urine and semen. Surrounded by external anal sphincter

Question 43

Which part of the uterus layers contains the uterine artery?

Answer 43

Myometrium

Question 44

Levator ani

Answer 44

Striated smooth muscle consisting of iliococcygeus, pubococcygeus, and puborectalis.