block 6 W4 Flashcards
Organic causes of psychosis
-> Medications: anti-Parkinson’s, cardiac meds like beta blockers and digoxin, corticosteroids
-> Autoimmune conditions like encephalitis
-> Endocrine: Thyroid and parathyroid issues and endocrine
-> Tumours
-> Infection like HIV,, Lyme disease, meningitis
-> Neurological conditions like Parkinson’s, Huntington’s, Motor neurone disease
Tuberous sclerosis
Benign tumours develop in different parts of the body due to autosomal dominant condition. It can be detected in the skin as macular hypopigmentation. Associated with epilepsy and autism.
Reaction formation
Psychoanalytic defence mechanism-expression of the opposite of disturbing ideas
Measure of attachment for 1-2 year olds
Strange situation procedure
Measure of attachment for 3-6 year old
Story stem assessments
Aspects of learning disabilities
Impaired adaptive behaviours, social functioning, reading, writing, intelligence, IQ, self-care
Kinaesthetic intelligence
Intelligence expressed and felt physically and hands on work
Adler’s theory
We strive for superiority due to an inferiority complex
L-data
Life-record data like school grades, absence from work
Pre-natal factors for psychosis
Premature births, unwanted pregnancy, maternal influenza, rubella, malnutrition
Mild IQ disability
50-70 score with reasonable independence
Is Schizophrenia attributed to alcohol or drug intoxication?
No
Is Schizophrenia attributed to organic brain disease?
No
How long must at least 2 symptoms occur for schizophrenia to be diagnosed?
1 month
Parent-child psychosocial therapy
Focuses on parental understanding of child’s behaviour, perception of child and ther own childhood experiences
Social cognitive theory
Emphasises the role of learning and environment in personality development. Includes the theory of locus control
Home-visiting programmes
Attachment based intervention which supports positive parent-child interaction using role-modelling
Endocrine organic disease that can cause psychosis
Thyroid and hyperparathyroid issues, adrenal disorder
Infective cause of psychosis
HIV, lyme disease and meningitis
Phenylketonuria
Metabolic cause of learning disability. Autosomal recessive condition caused by absence of phenylalanine hydroxylase causing build up of phenylalanine leading to microencephaly
Displacement
Psychoanalytic defence mechanism-expression of the opposite of disturbing ideas
Learning disabilities-considerations
Reduced life expectancy, die by indifference, increased incidence of mental disorder
Personality disorders
Issues with interpersonal relationships like co-operation and maintaining, worse physical health, higher risk of developing other mental health conditions
Avolition
Lack of will
Toxoplasmosis
Causes infection in birds and mammals which causes brain damage and jaundice in babies
Schizophrenia effect on the brain
Increased ventricular volume, decreased cortex volume
Jung theory
There is a personal vs collective unconscious and a balance between introversion and extroversion
Criticism of OCEAN big five personality
Does not comment on personality development, poor predictor of future behaviour
Early intervention of psychosis
Cost effective and open referral,
Sublimation
Psychoanalytic defence mechanism- Channelling impulses into a socially acceptable outlet
Cluster B personality disorder
Dramatic, emotional, narcissistic, impulsive
Where is passivity related to in the brain in schizophrenia?
Cingulate gyrus
Diagnostic overshadowing
Physical needs are not addressed in patients with learning disabilities
Autoimmune cause of psychosis
Encephalitis
Cluster A personality disorder
Schizoid, schizotypal, paranoid, odd, eccentric
Infectious cause of learning disability
Toxoplasmosis or cytomegalovirus
Cluster C
Patient is anxious, fearful, avoidant and OCD disorder
Side effects of clozapine
Hyperlactation, weight gain, seizures, agranulocytosis
Theories of personality
Psychodynamic, humanisitic, trait, social-cognitive
Humanistic theory
People have free will, want to do good, achieve self actualisation and perception and understanding of reality is most important
Which area of the brain is associated with auditory hallucinations in Schizophrenia?
Broca’s area
Disorganised attachment
Seek out comfort but fears close proximity, contradictory behaviours, dysregulated in presence of caregiver
Prevalence of psychosis
Men, urban areas, migrants, earlier onset with younger age and genetics
Early childhood factors for psychosis
Left-right dominance, late milestones, lateral language development
Parental sensitivity and behaviour training
Behavioural management and improve quality of parenting
Eyesenck’s three factor theory
Introversion vs extroversion, emotional stability vs neuroticism, impulse control vs psychosis
Timeframe for antipsychotic prescribing
1-2 years
Neonatal causes of psychosis
Low birth weight, hypoxia, structural brain abnormalities
Acute and transient psychotic disorder
Complete recovery within a few months, not caused by drugs or organic cause. Onset of 2 weeks.
Side effects of antipsychotics
Sedation, weight gain, hyperprolactinaemia, QTC prolongation, involuntary movement
Cattell’s 16 personality factors
Trait theory of personality which uses L-data, Q-data and T-data to form personality
Q-data
16PF to rate an individual’s personality
T-data
Objective test to find personality construct
Dopamine
Mediates attachment of salience to ideas and objects- hyperactivity causes salience to unimportant stimuli with delusions in schizophrenia
Second gen antipsychotics
Less extrapyramidal side effects but significant cardiometabolic side effect
Which factors are impaired in learning disability?
Intelligence, adaptive behaviours and social functioning
Psychodynamic theory
Conflict with childhood experience, pleasure seeking impulses and social demands
Roger’s theory of personality
Humanistic theory around our self concept and we need postivie regard and change our behaviour to get this. Idea of a fully functioning person open to new experiences
Social treatment of psychosis
Housing, employment, education support, social connections
