Gender, ethnicity and mental health Flashcards
What is mental health?
State of well-being where the individual realises their own abilities and can cope with life.
What is mental illness?
Disorder diagnosed by a medical professional which significantly interferes with individual’s cognitive, emotional or social abilities.
What is history of classification of mental illness?
1845 Lunacy and county asylum act, 19th century incarceration of poor and criminal
How did mental health change in history?
Homosexuality was removed, transexualism was reclassified as gender identity, gender dysphoria was reclassified as gender incongruence.
How is mental health classified by religion?
Witchcraft
How is mental health classified by science?
Based on the brain
How is mental health classified by ideology?
Based on your morality which is social control.
How is mental health classified by morality?
Social control
Why did mental health change in classification?
Emergence of medical science, rise of psychiatry and neurology, psychoanalysis, pharmacology talking therapies.
What is ethnicity?
Shared culture, language, beliefs, nationality.
What is gender?
Culture, belief, social conditioning
How is ethnicity measured?
Health census and health survey of England
What are the variations of mental health by ethnicity?
Chinese people have the lowest rates of mental illness.
What is the prevalence of mental health in irish people?
Higher rates of alcoholism and depression.
What is the prevalence of mental health in Black and African-carribean?
10-18x more likely to be diagnosed with schizophrenia, be regarded as violent and locked in secure ward, be hospitalised by police and poorer outcome after care.
What are the cultural explanations of differences in mental health?
Due to belief that it is a test, perceived vs actual support of mental health, individual perceptions of spiritual and emotional wellbeing
What is the critique of the cultural explanation?
Oversimplistic, places emphasis on difference from the norm of being a white male and ignores social inequalities like poverty.
What is the social causation explanation of theory?
Differences in mental health is due to social inequalities, childhood sexual abuse, physical abuse, bullying, living in an urban environment.
What is the minority stress model?
Mental health cause: Focused on race and sex and caused by the environment internal stress and external stress which leads to constant vigilance and negative feelings and adverse health issues like hypertension.
Why does the minority stress model cause stress?
Enviornmental due to lack of social support, low socioeconomic status, prejudice and discrimination which creates a high stress environment.
What is the critique of the minority stress model?
Correlation does not indicate causation and models may differ between minority groups.
What are the systems of racism?
Historical racism in medicine, poorer health outcomes and different treatments and lack of diversity in higher positions
What is the prevalence of mental health by gender?
More women than men are diagnosed with mental health conditions.
Which mental health diagnosis are higher in men?
Substance misuse, anti-social personality disorder, psychosis
Which mental health diagnosis are higher in women?
Anorexia, neuroticism, anxiety, depression
What is the prevalence of mental health in men?
Boys have higher rates of illmental health than girls, they have higher rates of successful suicides and higher prevalence of behavioural disorders like alcoholism, substance misuse and psychosis.
What are the causes of mental health in men?
Images of masculinity and seeing their body self as separate and distinct function and constructing their identity around work
How does being trans affect mental health?
Higher rates of depression and self harm due to constructions of masculinity and feminity, environment and minority stress model and discriminative medical systems
What is intersectionality?
The way multiple forms of inequlaity overlap.
How can atittudes affect mental health?
Mental health services can be social control for disadvtanged groups, recognise the aetiology and the social factors surrounding mental health as a form of stress and provide culturally competent care to address diversity.
How can practise be an intervention for mental health?
Address childhood trauma with mentally ill patients, interagency support with substance abuse, support GP’s to identify distress and provide therapies to address psychological factors.
How can policies be an intervention for mental health?
Culturally competenet care, representation at higher levels, social prescribing with the communities, tailored care.
