Block 6 drugs

Question 1

Side effects of MAO inhibitors

Answer 1

Postural hypotension, insomnia, weight gain and hypertensive crisis if eating tyramine due to NET exchange with noradrenaline

Question 2

Risperidone side effects

Answer 2

Sedative and hypotensive effects. Less extrapyramidal

Question 3

B1 selective agonist

Answer 3

Xamoterol and dobutamine

Question 4

Pentolamine

Answer 4

Alpha non selective antagonist. It is a non-selective vasodilator. Side effects are postural hypotension, tacycardia and impotence.

Question 5

How is asthma affected by acetylcholine levels?

Answer 5

High levels of acetylcholine which binds to muscarinic receptors in the airways leads to bronchoconstriction

Question 6

How do tricyclics work?

Answer 6

Inhibit reuptake of serotonin and noradrenaline so it causes insomnia and weight gain as serotonin inhibits brown fat. No longer a first line treatment for depression due to potential overdose. Amitryptilline is a tricyclic

Question 7

Side effects of tricyclics

Answer 7

Agranulocytosis, insomnia and hypertension due to high noradrenaline, weight gain due to high serotonin and death by overdose with an excessive plantar response

Question 8

Effects of serotonin

Answer 8

Inhibits gastric acid secretion and brown fat and promotes white fat

Question 9

Examples of tricylics

Answer 9

Amitriptyline

Question 10

Effects of low serotonin

Answer 10

Abdominal pain , constipation and diarrhoea and anger

Question 11

Addison’s disease

Answer 11

Adrenal gland does not produce enough hormones

Question 12

Side effects of first gen antipsychotics

Answer 12

Hypothermia and hypersensitivity

Question 13

Side effects of second gen

Answer 13

Weight gain, hypotension and extrapyramidal side effect at high doses

Question 14

Target of second gen

Answer 14

Blocks D2, 5-HT2, and A1 increased affinity, Decreased affinity for D1 and H1 and no affinity for muscarinic acetylcholine.

Question 15

Target of first gen

Answer 15

Blocks D2 and D1 equally, muscarinic acetylcholine receptor, 5-HT2 and H1, sedative. Includes haloperidol and chlorpromazine

Question 16

Clozapine

Answer 16

Provides relief from both positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia. Causes neutropenia -> agranulocytosis

Question 17

Agranulocytosis

Answer 17

very low neutrophil count

Question 18

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome

Answer 18

Adverse reaction to antipsychotic drug and causes fever, sweating and unstable BP

Question 19

Amitriptyline

Answer 19

Sedating antidepressant which is a tricyclic SNRI for depression, anxiety and neuropathic pain

Question 20

Memantine

Answer 20

NMDA antagonist which blocks Ca2+ influx for dementia in Alzeiheimer’s and oscillopsia. Reduces glutamate levels

Question 21

GABA bZ agonist

Answer 21

Zopiclone which treats insomnia

Question 22

Donepezil

Answer 22

ACE inhibitor for Alzheimer’s disease. It is contraindicated in asthma and COPD because it increases aCH binding to muscarinic receptors in the airways to cause bronchoconstriction. Leads to insomnia and urinary incontinence

Question 23

Venlafaxine

Answer 23

SNRI for depression. Causes nausea, weight gain and hypertension and sexual dysfunction

Question 24

Amitryptiline

Answer 24

SNRI for depression

Question 25

Buspirone

Answer 25

Antagonises serotonin but has net effect of agonism and used to treat generalised anxiety. Causes anger, constipation, abdominal pain, diarrhoea and tacycardia

Question 26

Risperidone

Answer 26

Antipsychotic for psychosis, bipolar and psychotic depression

Question 27

Lithium

Answer 27

Used for bipolar ;LI+ displaces K+, Na+ and Ca2+

Question 28

Haloperidol

Answer 28

First gen Antipsychotic with sedative and anti-emetic activity for schizophrenia

Question 29

Chemoreceptor trigger zone

Answer 29

Area in fourth ventricle which induces vomiting. Dopamine, serotonin, acetylcholine, opioids and substance P are involved.

Question 30

FLuoxetine

Answer 30

SSRI for depression, OCD and bulimia which causes nausea, sexual dysfunction and weight gain by increasing serotonin. Contraindicated for mania and epilepsy.