B2 W1 Flashcards
What is Type 1 Respiratory failure?
Hypoxia and normal/low CO2 levels. This is caused by ventilation/perfusion mismatch or alveolar hypoventilation
What is ventilation/perfusion mismatch?
Areas of the lung receive either no blood flow or no oxygen, caused by airway obstruction such as a blood clot
What is Type 2 respiratory failure?
Hypoxia caused by high CO2 because of CNS depression from opiates, COPD or respiratory muscle weakness.
Ventilation increases however retained CO2 must be broken down by the kidneys
Mesothelium of abdomen
Peritoneum
Simple squamous epithelia lining the body cavity
Mesothelium
Where is the highest abundance of cough receptors?
Mechanoreceptors/c-fibres in the trachea, pharynx and carina
Po2 and pc02 in alveoli
40 and 105
What structure closes off the pericardioperitoneal canals during development?
Pleuroperitoneal membrane which folds in from the back walls to join the septum transversum
How does the pleuroperitoneal membrane close the pericardioperitoneal canals?
Folds in from the back walls to join the septum transversum
Where are the palatine tonsils located?
In the space between the palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal folds
Which receptors detect pH?
Central chemoreceptors
What are the nasal cavities?
Paranasal sinuses
Where does the oropharyngeal area develop?
Between heart and brain
What connects the posterior cartilage rings?
Trachealis muscle
Eventration of the diaphragm
A lack of migration of muscle cells into the diaphragm, meaning the diaphragm cannot resist the pressure differential. This causes hypoplasia- underdevelopment of the lungs
Function of conchae and meatus
Clean and humidify incoming air and increase SA for filtration
Where do lungs develop?
In the evagination of ventral gut
Apneustic centre
Area in pons that simulates the dorsal respiratory group for inspiration
Ribs 8-10
False ribs
Ribs 11-12
Floating ribs
Where are central chemoreceptors located?
In the medulla
Partial pressure of oxygen and CO2 in the atmosphere
160 and 0.03
Venous blood
Higher CO2 than O2
Arterial blood
Higher O2 than CO2
Pneumotaxic centre
Located in the pons for controlling rate and pattern of breathing
