Anatomy of the Female Pelvis

Question 1

What is the sinuvaginal bulb?

Answer 1

Endodermal outgrowth on the urogenital sinus which will fuse with the paramesonephric duct to become uterus and vagina. Sinuvaginal bulb will become the lower vagina.

Question 2

What forms the proximal vagina?

Answer 2

Mullerian duct- also forms the oviducts and ovaries

Question 3

What is the broad ligament?

Answer 3

Double layer of peritoneum, which is a derivative of the gubernaculum from the closure of the Mullerian duct. It contains the suspensory ligament, ligament of ovary and its continuation the round ligament.

Broad ligament connects the uterus to the ovary or pelvis.

Question 4

What makes up the broad ligament?

Answer 4

Mesovarium
Mesosaplinx
Mesometrium

Question 5

What is the mesovarium?

Answer 5

Portion of the broad ligament that suspends the ovaries.

Question 6

What is the mesosalpinx?

Answer 6

Portion of the broad ligament covering the uterine tubes.

Question 7

What is the mesometrium?

Answer 7

Forms the majority of the broad ligament which covers the surface of the uterus.

Question 8

How are the bladder and vagina separated?

Answer 8

Vesico-uterine pouch formed of peritoneum.

Question 9

How are the vagina and rectum separated?

Answer 9

Rectourine pouch formed of peritoneum

Question 10

Where is the ovary located?

Answer 10

In the outpouch of the ovarian tube called the infundibulum

Question 11

What is the end of the uterine tube?

Answer 11

Infundibulum

Question 12

What is the fimbriae?

Answer 12

Finger-like projections at the end of the ovarian tube

Question 13

What are the pocuhes in the vagina?

Answer 13

Rectourine and vesicouterine pouches formed of peritoneum

Question 14

What is the ligament of ovary?

Answer 14

Peritoneum from the ovary and attached to the uterus

Question 15

What is the round ligament?

Answer 15

Peritoneum which is a continuation of the ligament of the uterus that connects the ovary to the labia majora external genitalia by passing through the inguinal canal

Question 16

What is the precursor to the round ligament?

Answer 16

Gubernaculum- a fibrous cord

Question 17

Where is the uterus located relative to cervix?

Answer 17

Anteverted

Question 18

Where is vagina relative to cervix?

Answer 18

Anteverted

Question 19

What is the layers of the uterus?

Answer 19

Endometrium, myometrium and perimetrium

Question 20

What is the composition of the endometrium?

Answer 20

Starco functional and starco basallae.

Question 21

What is the histology of the uterus?

Answer 21

Simple columnar above the epithelial transformational zone.

Question 22

Where do changes to the uterus occur in menstrual cycle?

Answer 22

Starco functinal area of the endometrium zone. It sheds, thickens and swells during the uterine cycle of menstruation, proliferation and secretion.

Question 23

What is the epithelial transformation zone?

Answer 23

The point in the cervical canal near the body of the uterus where the histology changes from simple columnar to stratified squamous. Cervical canal is simple columnar, ectocervix and vagina is stratified squamous non kera.

Question 24

What is the histology of the ectocervix?

Answer 24

Stratified squamous

Question 25

What is the histology of the cervical canal?

Answer 25

Simple columnar

Question 26

What is the histology of the vagina?

Answer 26

Stratified squamous

Question 27

What is the arterial supply?

Answer 27

Gonad has separate blood supply from the aorta directly which is the ovarian artery. Internal iliac has branches to supply the rest. External genitalia is the internal pudendal. Vagina is the vaginal artery. Uterus is the uterine artery.

Question 28

What are the arterial supply to the external genitalia?

Answer 28

Branches of the internal pudendal artery. Deep artery and dorsal artery of clitoris. There is a posterior labial artery. There is artery of vestibular bulb.

Question 29

What is contained in the perineum?

Answer 29

Anus, bladder, rectum, uterus, cervix, vagina

Question 30

What is the roof of the perineum?

Answer 30

Pelvic diaphragm

Question 31

What are the openings in the perineal membrane?

Answer 31

Urethra and vagina

Question 32

What is the perineal body?

Answer 32

Tendon which connects the perineal membrane to the pelvic muscle such as transverse perineal muscle. It is located in the unction between the anus and the vagina.

Question 33

What is the role of the corpus cavernosus?

Answer 33

Forms the crura/legs of the clitoris and fill with blood during female erection

Question 34

What is the role of the vestibular bulbs?

Answer 34

Located on either side of the vagina which swell with blood during arousal and apply pressure to the corpus cavernosum of the clitoris for vaginal orgasmic contraction of the ischiocavernosus muscle

Question 35

What is the innervation for the somatic motor and sensory to the female genitalia?

Answer 35

Pudendal nerve

Question 36

What are the branches of the pudendal nerve?

Answer 36

Dorsal nerve of clitoris and posterior labial nerve

Question 37

What is the venous drainage of the female genitalia?

Answer 37

Posterior labial drains into the internal pudendal vein. Deep dorsal vein drains into the vesicle plexus of the bladder.

Question 38

Which structure contains the uterine artery and veins?

Answer 38

Cardinal ligament, which connects the uterus to the lateral wall of the cervix.

Question 39

What is the role of the uterosacral ligament?

Answer 39

Connects the cervix to the saccrum.

Question 40

What is the position of the ureter in proximity to the uterine vessels?

Answer 40

Posterior, so it is at risk of injury in hysterectomy.
(Water under the bridge)