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Year 1 > Harvluck B8 W5 > Flashcards

Harvluck B8 W5 Flashcards

1
Q

Insulin like growth factor 1

A

Produced due to action of growth hormone on the liver

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2
Q

Thyroid hormones on the heart

A

Increased heart rate, force of contraction and peripheral vasodialtion

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3
Q

Inhibits growth hormone

A

Somatostatin

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4
Q

Most common cause of hypothyroidism

A

Hashimoto’s disease which targets thyroid peroxidase

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5
Q

Signs of Graves’ disease

A

Tremor, tacychardia, exophthalmos

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6
Q

Test for Cushing’s disease

A

High cortisol due to pituitary gland- dexamethasone suppression test for ACTH

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7
Q

Fatigue, Cold intolerance, Depression, Poor concentration, Musculoskeletal aches and pains, Carpal tunnel syndrome

A

Symptoms of hypothyroidism

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8
Q

Inferior thyroid vein

A

Drains into brachiocephalic vein

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9
Q

Forms outer layer of pharyngeal arch

A

Ectoderm

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10
Q

Thyroid hormones on GI

A

Increases appetite, gastric motility and secretion of enzymes

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11
Q

Where hromones are produced and stored in the thyroid gland?

A

Colloid

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12
Q

Thyroid hormone receptor

A

Nuclear

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13
Q

Beginning of embryological thyroid hormone development

A

Foramen caecum to end at thyrohyoid membrane and isthmus

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14
Q

Location of calcium homeostasis

A

Parathyroid gland- produces parathyroid hormone.
Thyroid gland- produces calcitonin from c cells

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15
Q

Calcitonin

A

Produced by C cells in the thyroid gland when calcium levels are high. Inhibits osteoclast and renal Ca/pohpsohate absorption, stimulate osteoblast.

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16
Q

Origin of posterior pituitary

A

Neuroectoderm of diencephalon

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17
Q

Protein for transporting thyroid hormone

A

Thyroxine binding globulin

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18
Q

Muscles of second pharyngeal arch

A

Muscles of facial expression, digastric and stylohyoid

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19
Q

Common cause of hyperthyroidism

A

Autoimmune disease

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20
Q

hair that is dry, coarse and sparse, lateral eyebrow thinning, periorbital oedema, puffy and dull face with dry skin

A

Symptoms of hypothyroidism

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21
Q

Peroxidase

A

Converts tyorisine with iodine to form T3 and

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22
Q

Weight loss, Lack of energy, Heat intolerance, Anxiety, irritability, Increased swelling, Increased appetite, Thirst, Palpitations, Pruritus, Weight gain, Looseness of bowels, Anorexia

A

Symptoms of GRaves Disease

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23
Q

Thyroid veins that drain into the internal jugular vein

A

Superior and middle thyroid vein

24
Q

Dyshormonogenesis

A

Inherited disorder of thyorid hormone synthesis- primary hypothyroidism

25
Q

Form cartilage, muscle, nerves and arteries.

26
Q

Cushing disease

A

Excess cortisol due to issue with pituitary

27
Q

Thyroidotropohs

A

Basophils in the adrenohypophysis and produce TSH

28
Q

Pharyngeal pouch for palatine tonsils

29
Q

Germ layer for anterior pituitary gland

A

Oral ectoderm

30
Q

Venous drainage of pituitary gland

A

Cavernosus sinus

31
Q

Blood supply to parathyroid glands

A

Mainly inferior thyroid arteries

32
Q

Basophils in adrenohypophysis

A

Gonadotrophs

33
Q

Supporting cells of neurophypohysis

A

Pituicytes

34
Q

Thionamides

A

Inhibit iodide oxidation

35
Q

Test for secondary adrenal insufficeincy

A

Insulin stress test

36
Q

Area in pharynx where thyroid forms

A

Thyroid primordium

37
Q

Parafollicular cells

A

Located in thyroid gland and produce calcitonin

38
Q

Thyrocervical trunk

A

Branch of the subclavian artery which gives rise to the inferior thyroid artery

39
Q

ADH analogue

A

Desmopressin

40
Q

Superior parathyroid and parafollicular

A

4th pharyngeal pouch

41
Q

Respiratory effect of thyroid hormone

A

Lung development, surfactant production

42
Q

Alleviates symptoms of hyperthyroidism

A

Beta blockers

43
Q

Primary hyperparathyroidism

A

Osteoporosis risk due to excess calcitonin production

44
Q

Oxyphil cells

A

Unknown function in the thyroid gland

45
Q

CNS effect of thyroid hormones

A

Nerve myelination, brain development, intellectual development

46
Q

Bromocriptine

A

Dopamine receptor agonist for hyperprolactinemia and acrolegame. Causes hypertension and cause halluicnations

47
Q

Primary excess

A

Cortisol increase, ACTH and CRH decrease

48
Q

Secondary excess

A

Cortisol and ACTH increase and CRH decrease

49
Q

Adrenal insufficiency test

A

Synacthen test

50
Q

Secondary deficiency

A

Cortisol and ACTH decrease, CRH increase

51
Q

Anabolic steroids

A

Synthetic substance similar to testosterone. Causes decrease in FSH and LH and increase in oestrogen/testosterone.

52
Q

Autoimmune thyroditis

A

Hashimoto’s diseaase

53
Q

Blood supply to the thyroid gland which is a branch of the external carotid artery

A

Superior thyroid artery

54
Q

Function of dopamine

A

Feeding, circadian rhythm, endocrine regulation limbic system interaction

55
Q

Steroid excess

A

CRH, ACTH and cortisol decrease

56
Q

Chromophils

A

Cells stained in the adrenohypophysis

57
Q

Parathyroid hormone

A

Secreted from chief cells in the parathyroid gland

Year 1 (191 decks)

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