Harvluck B8 W5 Flashcards
Insulin like growth factor 1
Produced due to action of growth hormone on the liver
Thyroid hormones on the heart
Increased heart rate, force of contraction and peripheral vasodialtion
Inhibits growth hormone
Somatostatin
Most common cause of hypothyroidism
Hashimoto’s disease which targets thyroid peroxidase
Signs of Graves’ disease
Tremor, tacychardia, exophthalmos
Test for Cushing’s disease
High cortisol due to pituitary gland- dexamethasone suppression test for ACTH
Fatigue, Cold intolerance, Depression, Poor concentration, Musculoskeletal aches and pains, Carpal tunnel syndrome
Symptoms of hypothyroidism
Inferior thyroid vein
Drains into brachiocephalic vein
Forms outer layer of pharyngeal arch
Ectoderm
Thyroid hormones on GI
Increases appetite, gastric motility and secretion of enzymes
Where hromones are produced and stored in the thyroid gland?
Colloid
Thyroid hormone receptor
Nuclear
Beginning of embryological thyroid hormone development
Foramen caecum to end at thyrohyoid membrane and isthmus
Location of calcium homeostasis
Parathyroid gland- produces parathyroid hormone.
Thyroid gland- produces calcitonin from c cells
Calcitonin
Produced by C cells in the thyroid gland when calcium levels are high. Inhibits osteoclast and renal Ca/pohpsohate absorption, stimulate osteoblast.
Origin of posterior pituitary
Neuroectoderm of diencephalon
Protein for transporting thyroid hormone
Thyroxine binding globulin
Muscles of second pharyngeal arch
Muscles of facial expression, digastric and stylohyoid
Common cause of hyperthyroidism
Autoimmune disease
hair that is dry, coarse and sparse, lateral eyebrow thinning, periorbital oedema, puffy and dull face with dry skin
Symptoms of hypothyroidism
Peroxidase
Converts tyorisine with iodine to form T3 and
Weight loss, Lack of energy, Heat intolerance, Anxiety, irritability, Increased swelling, Increased appetite, Thirst, Palpitations, Pruritus, Weight gain, Looseness of bowels, Anorexia
Symptoms of GRaves Disease
Thyroid veins that drain into the internal jugular vein
Superior and middle thyroid vein
Dyshormonogenesis
Inherited disorder of thyorid hormone synthesis- primary hypothyroidism
Form cartilage, muscle, nerves and arteries.
Mesoderm
Cushing disease
Excess cortisol due to issue with pituitary
Thyroidotropohs
Basophils in the adrenohypophysis and produce TSH
Pharyngeal pouch for palatine tonsils
2nd
Germ layer for anterior pituitary gland
Oral ectoderm
Venous drainage of pituitary gland
Cavernosus sinus
Blood supply to parathyroid glands
Mainly inferior thyroid arteries
Basophils in adrenohypophysis
Gonadotrophs
Supporting cells of neurophypohysis
Pituicytes
Thionamides
Inhibit iodide oxidation
Test for secondary adrenal insufficeincy
Insulin stress test
Area in pharynx where thyroid forms
Thyroid primordium
Parafollicular cells
Located in thyroid gland and produce calcitonin
Thyrocervical trunk
Branch of the subclavian artery which gives rise to the inferior thyroid artery
ADH analogue
Desmopressin
Superior parathyroid and parafollicular
4th pharyngeal pouch
Respiratory effect of thyroid hormone
Lung development, surfactant production
Alleviates symptoms of hyperthyroidism
Beta blockers
Primary hyperparathyroidism
Osteoporosis risk due to excess calcitonin production
Oxyphil cells
Unknown function in the thyroid gland
CNS effect of thyroid hormones
Nerve myelination, brain development, intellectual development
Bromocriptine
Dopamine receptor agonist for hyperprolactinemia and acrolegame. Causes hypertension and cause halluicnations
Primary excess
Cortisol increase, ACTH and CRH decrease
Secondary excess
Cortisol and ACTH increase and CRH decrease
Adrenal insufficiency test
Synacthen test
Secondary deficiency
Cortisol and ACTH decrease, CRH increase
Anabolic steroids
Synthetic substance similar to testosterone. Causes decrease in FSH and LH and increase in oestrogen/testosterone.
Autoimmune thyroditis
Hashimoto’s diseaase
Blood supply to the thyroid gland which is a branch of the external carotid artery
Superior thyroid artery
Function of dopamine
Feeding, circadian rhythm, endocrine regulation limbic system interaction
Steroid excess
CRH, ACTH and cortisol decrease
Chromophils
Cells stained in the adrenohypophysis
Parathyroid hormone
Secreted from chief cells in the parathyroid gland