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Year 1 > Block 1 W3 > Flashcards

Block 1 W3 Flashcards

1
Q

Proteoglycan

A

Glycoprotein found in the extracellular matrix which fills the spaces between cells

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2
Q

Tonicity

A

Ability of a solution surrounding a cell to cause it to gain or lose water. It is a measure of solutes

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3
Q

Sinusoid capillaries

A

Found in the liver, bone marrow and spleen

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4
Q

Marker of inflammation

A

C-reactive protein

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5
Q

Cause of oedema

A

Inflammation, venous or lymph obstruction and lack of proteins

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6
Q

Morula

A

Mass of indistinguishibale blastomeres which are still totipotent at this stage

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7
Q

Which stage of the embryo does protein synthesis and ATP production begin?

A

Blastocyt

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8
Q

What is the proportion of intracellular fluid in the body?

A

2/3

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9
Q

Sessile, amoebae, ciliates and flagellates

A

Types of protozoa

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10
Q

Virus in a capsid

A

Enveloped virus which has a capsid from the host cell

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11
Q

Virus without capsid

A

Complex virus

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12
Q

Which vessels generate blood pressure?

A

Large elastic arteries that expand and recoil

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13
Q

Which vessels maintain vascular pressure?

A

Arterioles which change shape when transmitting blood to the capillaries

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14
Q

Dense-> least dense blood component

A

Erythrocyte -> buffy coat (containing WBC and platelets) -> plasma

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15
Q

Causes of low plasma protein

A

Low protein diet, kidney/liver disease

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16
Q

Constantly open channel proteins

A

Aquaporins, which allow the free transport of water

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17
Q

Apical surface

A

Area on epithelia where it is in contact with the lumen

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18
Q

Heterophilic

A

Adhesion that requires different molecules to bind

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19
Q

Gram positive bacteria

A

Have a lipoglycan cell wall and a layer of peptidoglycan

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20
Q

Proteogylcan

A

Mesh made of gylcoproteins, where collagen and elastin are held and bind to cells via receptors

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21
Q

Basal lamina

A

Thin membrane between epithelial cells and connective tissue consisting of collagen and glycoprotein lamina which is on the apical surface and binds to integrins

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22
Q

Stratified cuboidal epithelia

A

For secretion of sweat glands and salivary glands and protection

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23
Q

Basolateral surface

A

Epithelial surface joined to the basement membrane

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24
Q

Catenins

A

Link cadherin intracellularly to the actin cytoskeleton

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25
Q

Brush border

A

Apical epithelial surface with microvilli

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26
Q

Humoral immunity vs cell-mediated immunity

A

Humoral immunity is adaptive immunity via antibody production. Cell-mediated immunity is the destruction of infected cells by T lymphocytes

27
Q

Integrins

A

Transmembrane protein bound to the basement membrane as a link between ECM and actin cytoskeleton. It has heterodimer interactions for signal transduction pathway. It consists of an alpha and beta chain and is found in connective tissue.

28
Q

Fenestrated capillary

A

Found in kidneys and small intestine

29
Q

Gram positive bacteria

A

Lipoglycan cell wall

30
Q

Areolar connective tissue

A

Wraps around muscles and surrounds the organs and blood vessels

31
Q

Desmosomes

A

Anchoring junctions which prevent cells from being pulled apart.

32
Q

Tight junction

A

Creates cell polarity by preventing passage of molecules beneath apical surface

33
Q

Which vessel conducts blood away from the heart and towards the tissues?

A

Medium muscular arteries

34
Q

Tonicity

A

No of solute particles

35
Q

Osmolarity/osmolality

A

Conc of solute particles

36
Q

Medium veins

A

Carry blood towards the heart and have small amounts of smooth muscle. Tunica externa is thinner than tunica media. Less smooth muscle than large veins

37
Q

Large veins

A

Carry blood towards the heart. Contains cross sectional bundles of smooth muscle
More smooth muscle than large veins

38
Q

What is a measurement for inflammation occurrence?

A

Native C-reactive protein

39
Q

What attaches epithelial cells to the basement membrane?

A

Hemidesmosomes

40
Q

Adhesive glycoprotein in connective tissue

A

Fibronectin

41
Q

What provides strong mechanical attachments between adjacent cells?

A

Adheren/ anchoring junctions

42
Q

Extracellular fluid

A

Transcellular, interstital and plasma

43
Q

Least common WBC

44
Q

Saprophyte

A

Organism which feeds on dead matter

45
Q

Fungi reproduction

A

Budding or asexually

46
Q

Humoural immunity

A

Adaptive immunity via antibodies produced by B cells

47
Q

Cumulus cells

A

Layer of cells around the ovum after fertilisation which protects it

48
Q

Primitive streak

A

Streak down the embryo in the epiblast with the movement of cells to form the mesoderm layer

49
Q

Simple squamous epithelia

A

Flat layer of cells for diffusion

50
Q

Stratified squamous epithelia

A

Flattened layer of cells for protection in the oesophagus, mouth and vagina

51
Q

Stratified cuboidal epithelia

A

Flattened layer of cells for secretion and protection

52
Q

Transitional epithelia

A

Lines the bladder and urethra and can expand to hold urine

53
Q

Ground substance

A

Layer of connective tissue where diffusion of oxygen, nutrients and waste occurs

54
Q

Laminin

A

Adhesive glycoprotein in the basal lamina which provides a bridge between cells and connective tissue for anchoring

55
Q

Integrin

A

Adhesive glycoprotein formed of alpha and beta chain. Binds to fibronectin and laminin for connection to cytoskeleton.

56
Q

Controls filling of capillaries and contributes to vascular pressure

A

Arterioles

57
Q

Transcellular fluid

A

In epithelia lined spaces such as synovial fluid, cerebrospinal fluid.

57
Q

Cadherin

A

Transmembrane protein which binds to other cadherin via homodimer interaction and intracellular segment binds to catenin

58
Q

Tight junctions

A

Creates cell polarity by sealing adjacent epithelial cells, formed of claudin proteins

59
Q

Direct cell attack and antibodies

A

Lymphocytes

60
Q

Large veins

A

Transport blood back to the heart and contain smooth muscle in the tunica media. Thickest layer is the tunica externa.

61
Q

Sessile

A

Non-moving protozoa

62
Q

Adhesive glycoprotien in connective tissue which binds to fibrin, collagen and integrin

A

Fibronectin

63
Q

Hemidesmosomes

A

Attaches epithelial cells to basement membrane

Year 1 (191 decks)

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