A&P - Chapter 8 (Part 1) Flashcards
Tissues
A group of cells, held together by an extracellular matrix which are similar in structure and perform common or related functions
What are the 4 main types of tissues?
- Epithelial tissue
- Connective tissue
- Muscle tissue
- Nervous tissue
What are functions of the epithelial tissues? (4)
- Covers and protects the body surfaces
- Lines body cavities
- Transports substances (absorption, secretion and excretion)
- Glandular activity
What are examples of epithelial tissue? (3)
- Outer layer of skin
- Lining of the respiratory, digestive, urinary, reproductive tracts
- Glands of the body
What are functions of connective tissue? (2)
- Supports body structures
2. Transports substances throughout the body
What are examples of connective tissue? (5)
- Bones
- Joints
- Tendons/ligaments
- Blood
- Fat
What are functions of muscle tissue? (3)
- Produces body movement
- Produces movement of organs (eg. heart and stomach)
- Produces heat
What are examples of muscle tissue? (3)
- Heart muscle
- Muscles of the head/neck, arms, legs and trunk
- Muscles in the walls of hollow organs (eg. stomach and intestines)
What are functions of nervous tissue? (2)
- Communication between body parts
2. Integration and regulation of body functions
What are examples of nervous tissue? (3)
- Tissues of brain and spinal cord
- Nerves of the body
- Sensory organs of the body
What happens to tissue within 2 weeks of conception?
There are organization of cells into 3 primary layers
What are the 3 primary tissue layers?
- Endoderm
- Mesoderm
- Ectoderm
Endoderm
Innermost tissues
- deep
Mesoderm
Middle tissues
- between the endoderm and ectoderm
Ectoterm
Outer tissues
- superficial
Histogenesis
The process that differentiate each germ layer to form specific tissues
What does histogenesis eventually give rise to? (2)
- Various organs
2. Various tissues
What does histo mean?
Tissues
What does genesis mean?
Creating
Extracellular matrix (ECM)
Is the non-cellular portion of a tissue that is made up of a collection of extracellular material produced and secreted by cells into the surrounding medium
What does extra mean?
Outside/beyond
What does matrix mean?
A surrounding medium or structure
What is the main function of the ECM?
Is to provide structural and biochemical support to the surrounding cells
What are 3 components of the ECM?
- Collagen
- Elastin
- Glycoproteins and proteoglycans
What is collagen?
They are twisted bundles of fibre to help with structure
- very strong/ can be stretchy
What is the most abundant component in the ECM?
Collagen
What happens to collagen as we age?
It weakens
What are 2 properties of elastin?
- Rubbery
2. Stretchy
What are glycoproteins and proteoglycans?
A combo of proteins and carbohydrates
