A&P - Chapter 8 (Part 1)

Question 1

Tissues

Answer 1

A group of cells, held together by an extracellular matrix which are similar in structure and perform common or related functions

Question 2

What are the 4 main types of tissues?

Answer 2

1. Epithelial tissue
2. Connective tissue
3. Muscle tissue
4. Nervous tissue

Question 3

What are functions of the epithelial tissues? (4)

Answer 3

1. Covers and protects the body surfaces
2. Lines body cavities
3. Transports substances (absorption, secretion and excretion)
4. Glandular activity

Question 4

What are examples of epithelial tissue? (3)

Answer 4

1. Outer layer of skin
2. Lining of the respiratory, digestive, urinary, reproductive tracts
3. Glands of the body

Question 5

What are functions of connective tissue? (2)

Answer 5

1. Supports body structures

2. Transports substances throughout the body

Question 6

What are examples of connective tissue? (5)

Answer 6

1. Bones
2. Joints
3. Tendons/ligaments
4. Blood
5. Fat

Question 7

What are functions of muscle tissue? (3)

Answer 7

1. Produces body movement
2. Produces movement of organs (eg. heart and stomach)
3. Produces heat

Question 8

What are examples of muscle tissue? (3)

Answer 8

1. Heart muscle
2. Muscles of the head/neck, arms, legs and trunk
3. Muscles in the walls of hollow organs (eg. stomach and intestines)

Question 9

What are functions of nervous tissue? (2)

Answer 9

1. Communication between body parts

2. Integration and regulation of body functions

Question 10

What are examples of nervous tissue? (3)

Answer 10

1. Tissues of brain and spinal cord
2. Nerves of the body
3. Sensory organs of the body

Question 11

What happens to tissue within 2 weeks of conception?

Answer 11

There are organization of cells into 3 primary layers

Question 12

What are the 3 primary tissue layers?

Answer 12

1. Endoderm
2. Mesoderm
3. Ectoderm

Question 13

Endoderm

Answer 13

Innermost tissues

- deep

Question 14

Mesoderm

Answer 14

Middle tissues

- between the endoderm and ectoderm

Question 15

Ectoterm

Answer 15

Outer tissues

- superficial

Question 16

Histogenesis

Answer 16

The process that differentiate each germ layer to form specific tissues

Question 17

What does histogenesis eventually give rise to? (2)

Answer 17

1. Various organs

2. Various tissues

Question 18

What does histo mean?

Answer 18

Tissues

Question 19

What does genesis mean?

Answer 19

Creating

Question 20

Extracellular matrix (ECM)

Answer 20

Is the non-cellular portion of a tissue that is made up of a collection of extracellular material produced and secreted by cells into the surrounding medium

Question 21

What does extra mean?

Answer 21

Outside/beyond

Question 22

What does matrix mean?

Answer 22

A surrounding medium or structure

Question 23

What is the main function of the ECM?

Answer 23

Is to provide structural and biochemical support to the surrounding cells

Question 24

What are 3 components of the ECM?

Answer 24

1. Collagen
2. Elastin
3. Glycoproteins and proteoglycans

Question 25

What is collagen?

Answer 25

They are twisted bundles of fibre to help with structure

- very strong/ can be stretchy

Question 26

What is the most abundant component in the ECM?

Answer 26

Collagen

Question 27

What happens to collagen as we age?

Answer 27

It weakens

Question 28

What are 2 properties of elastin?

Answer 28

1. Rubbery

2. Stretchy

Question 29

What are glycoproteins and proteoglycans?

Answer 29

A combo of proteins and carbohydrates