A&P - Chapter 38 (Part 1) Flashcards
Where does the digestive system open at?
Bothe ends
What are 3 functions of the digestive system?
- Digestion
- Absorption
- Metabolism
What are the 4 layers of tissue in the GI tract? (from inside out)
- Mucosa
- Submucosa
- Muscularis
- Serosa
What does mucosa do? (2)
- Coats lining of the ‘tubes’
2. Protection against pathogens
What does mucosa secrete? (2)
- Digestive enzymes
2. Hormones
What gets absorbed?
End products of digestion
Submucosa
Connective tissue layer
What does the submucosa layer contain?
- Glands
- Blood vessels
- Lymphatic vessels
- Parasympathetic nerves
- Lots of elastic fibres
- allowing the tube to stretch and recoil (especially the stomach)
What does the muscularis layer do?
Mixes & churns food
What process does the muscularis layer help with?
Peristalsis
What are the 3 layers of the muscularis layer?
- Inner circular
- lots at sphincters - Outer longitudinal
- Oblique
- 2 or 3 layers depending on its location in the GI tract
Serosa
Protective outermost layer
What is the serosa composed of?
Visceral and parietal peritoneum in abdominal cavity
Where does the process of digestion begin?
In your mouth
- what you put in it
What are the 3 parts of the mouth?
- Roof
- Floor
- Walls
What is the mouth lined with?
Mucosa
What makes up the roof of the mouth?
- Hard palate
- Soft palate
- Uvula
What makes up the hard palate? (2)
- 2 maxillary
2. 2 palatine bones
What does the soft palate separate?
The mouth from the nasopharynx
Uvula
Projection of soft palate
What does the uvula and soft palate do?
Prevent food and liquid from entering nasal cavities
What makes up the floor of the mouth?
Tongue and its muscles
What kind of muscle is the tongue?
Skeletal
What anchors the tongue to the floor of the mouth?
Frenulum
What does the tongue consist of?
- Tip
- Body
- Root
Papillae
Small nipple-like projections on tongue
Where are taste buds found?
In many papillae
What is the frenulum normally like?
Unusually short and thick
Ankyloglossia
Tongue tied
What does the frenulum affect?
- Feeding/eating
- Swallowing
- Oral hygiene/structure
- Speech
