A&P - Chapter 38 (Part 1)

Question 1

Where does the digestive system open at?

Answer 1

Bothe ends

Question 2

What are 3 functions of the digestive system?

Answer 2

1. Digestion
2. Absorption
3. Metabolism

Question 3

What are the 4 layers of tissue in the GI tract? (from inside out)

Answer 3

1. Mucosa
2. Submucosa
3. Muscularis
4. Serosa

Question 4

What does mucosa do? (2)

Answer 4

1. Coats lining of the ‘tubes’

2. Protection against pathogens

Question 5

What does mucosa secrete? (2)

Answer 5

1. Digestive enzymes

2. Hormones

Question 6

What gets absorbed?

Answer 6

End products of digestion

Question 7

Submucosa

Answer 7

Connective tissue layer

Question 8

What does the submucosa layer contain?

Answer 8

1. Glands
2. Blood vessels
3. Lymphatic vessels
4. Parasympathetic nerves
5. Lots of elastic fibres
   - allowing the tube to stretch and recoil (especially the stomach)

Question 9

What does the muscularis layer do?

Answer 9

Mixes & churns food

Question 10

What process does the muscularis layer help with?

Answer 10

Peristalsis

Question 11

What are the 3 layers of the muscularis layer?

Answer 11

1. Inner circular
   - lots at sphincters
2. Outer longitudinal
3. Oblique

• 2 or 3 layers depending on its location in the GI tract

Question 12

Serosa

Answer 12

Protective outermost layer

Question 13

What is the serosa composed of?

Answer 13

Visceral and parietal peritoneum in abdominal cavity

Question 14

Where does the process of digestion begin?

Answer 14

In your mouth

- what you put in it

Question 15

What are the 3 parts of the mouth?

Answer 15

1. Roof
2. Floor
3. Walls

Question 16

What is the mouth lined with?

Answer 16

Mucosa

Question 17

What makes up the roof of the mouth?

Answer 17

1. Hard palate
2. Soft palate
3. Uvula

Question 18

What makes up the hard palate? (2)

Answer 18

1. 2 maxillary

2. 2 palatine bones

Question 19

What does the soft palate separate?

Answer 19

The mouth from the nasopharynx

Question 20

Uvula

Answer 20

Projection of soft palate

Question 21

What does the uvula and soft palate do?

Answer 21

Prevent food and liquid from entering nasal cavities

Question 22

What makes up the floor of the mouth?

Answer 22

Tongue and its muscles

Question 23

What kind of muscle is the tongue?

Answer 23

Skeletal

Question 24

What anchors the tongue to the floor of the mouth?

Answer 24

Frenulum

Question 25

What does the tongue consist of?

Answer 25

1. Tip
2. Body
3. Root

Question 26

Papillae

Answer 26

Small nipple-like projections on tongue

Question 27

Where are taste buds found?

Answer 27

In many papillae

Question 28

What is the frenulum normally like?

Answer 28

Unusually short and thick

Question 29

Ankyloglossia

Answer 29

Tongue tied

Question 30

What does the frenulum affect?

Answer 30

1. Feeding/eating
2. Swallowing
3. Oral hygiene/structure
4. Speech