A&P - Chapter 24 (Part 3)

Question 1

How is sound created?

Answer 1

By vibrations

Question 2

What does the ability to hear waves depend on? (3)

Answer 2

1. Volume
2. Pitch
3. Other acoustic properties

Question 3

What must sound waves be of in order to move the tympanic membrane and have a frequency capable of stimulating the hair cells in the organ of corti?

Answer 3

Sufficient amplitude

Question 4

What does hearing result from?

Answer 4

Stimulation of the auditory area of the cerebral cortex

Question 5

What is the only part of the inner ear that is involved with hearing?

Answer 5

The cochlea

Question 6

What does the vestibule hold? (2)

Answer 6

1. Utricle

2. Saccule

Question 7

What is another term for utricle and saccule?

Answer 7

Otolith organs

Question 8

What does both utricle and saccule contain?

Answer 8

Macula

Question 9

Macula

Answer 9

Contain receptor hair cells covered by a gelatinous membrane that contains particles of calcium carbonate
- otoliths

Question 10

Otoliths

Answer 10

Ear stones

Question 11

What causes the otoliths to move?

Answer 11

Movement of the head

Question 12

What does movement of the otolith stimulate?

Answer 12

The hair cells of the macula

- which then stimulates the vestibular nerve

Question 13

Where is the crista ampullaris located?

Answer 13

In the semicircular canals

Question 14

What is the crista ampullaris involved with?

Answer 14

Balance

Question 15

What is each crista covered with?

Answer 15

Hair cells that are embedded in a cupula

Question 16

Cupula

Answer 16

Gelatinous structure

Question 17

What causes movements of the cupula?

Answer 17

Movements of the head

Question 18

What happens when the cupula moves?

Answer 18

It bends the hair cells

Question 19

What happens when the cupula hair cells bend?

Answer 19

It stimulates the vestibular nerve

Question 20

What are 2 forms of equilibrium?

Answer 20

1. Static equilibrium

2. Dynamic equilibrium

Question 21

What is involved with static equilibrium?

Answer 21

Vestibule

• utricle
• saccule

Question 22

What is involved with dynamic equilibrium?

Answer 22

Semicircular canals

- crista ampullaris

Question 23

Static equilibrium

Answer 23

Related to maintaining stability and posture when the head and body are not moving
- special senses that interprets the position of the head

Question 24

Dynamic equilibrium

Answer 24

Lets the brain know if we have our balance during movement or if our body is in motion
- the special sense which interprets balance when we are moving (or at least our head is moving)