A&P - Chapter 3 (Part 2) Flashcards
What are the type of chemical bonds? (3)
- Ionic
- Covalent
- Hydrogen bonds
When do you know if an atom is chemically stable?
When the outer shell is full
When is an atom unlikely to bond? Why?
When it is stable because it has no electrons it wants to give away
Ionic bonds
Form between an atom that only has 1 or 2 electrons in its outermost energy level
- donates electrons
Ion
Atom or group of atoms with an electrical charge
- either positive or negative
When do ions form?
They form when an atom gains or loses electrons in its outer energy level to become stable
Positive ions
Has lost electrons
- Eg) Na+, Ca+
Negative ions
Has gained electrons
- Eg) Cl-
When do ionic bonds form?
When positive and negative ions attract each other due to an electrical attraction
When do covalent bonds form?
When atoms fill their energy levels by sharing electrons to become stable
How do covalent bonds share electrons?
They must stay close to each other
Do bonds break easily in covalent bonds? Why?
No because they are so close together
- they are strong
Where would you find hydrogen bonds?
Between molecules
What is the weakest type of chemical bond?
Hydrogen bonds
What do hydrogen bonds result from?
Unequal charge distribution on molecules
- unequally shared
