A&P - Chapter 25 (Part 1)

Question 1

What is the second greatest controlling system of the body?

Answer 1

Endocrine system

Question 2

What general functions does the endocrine system perform similarly to?

Answer 2

Nervous system

Question 3

What are 3 examples of functions performed by the endocrine system (similar to the nervous system)?

Answer 3

1. Communication
2. Integration
3. Control

Question 4

What are the neuroendocrine system functions carry out by?

Answer 4

Specialized glands that secrete chemicals (hormones) into the blood to be carried to target tissues or target organs

Question 5

Where are endocrine glands located?

Answer 5

Widely scattered throughout the body

Question 6

How is the endocrine system different from the nervous system? (2)

Answer 6

1. It is slower

2. Long lasting effect

Question 7

Where do endocrine glands secrete their hormones?

Answer 7

Into intercellular spaces

Question 8

Where do hormones diffuse into?

Answer 8

Blood

- which transports them throughout the body

Question 9

What are 2 different glands in the body?

Answer 9

1. Exocrine

2. Endocrine

Question 10

Exocrine

Answer 10

Glands that secrete hormones through ducts

Question 11

What are examples of exocrine ducts? (2)

Answer 11

1. Sweat glands

2. Salivary glands

Question 12

When do endocrine glands produce/secrete hormones?

Answer 12

When it is needed

• not normally stored
• typically produce more than needed

Question 13

How are hormones excreted/broken down by?

Answer 13

The kidneys

Question 14

How can hormones be classified? (2)

Answer 14

1. General function

2. Chemical structures

Question 15

What are 3 classifications for general functions?

Answer 15

1. Tropic hormones
2. Sex hormones
3. Anabolic hormones

Question 16

What are 2 classification by chemical structures?

Answer 16

1. Steroidal hormones
   - lipid or fat soluble
2. Non-steroidal hormones
   - amino acid/protein)

Question 17

What do tropic hormones target?

Answer 17

Other endocrine glands and stimulate their growth and secretion

Question 18

What do sex hormones target?

Answer 18

Reproductive tissues

Question 19

What do anabolic hormones stimulate?

Answer 19

Anabolism in target cells

Question 20

What do hormones have?

Answer 20

Specific target cells that they can affect

Question 21

What are hormones the main regulators of? (4)

Answer 21

1. Metabolism
2. Growth and development
3. Calcium and blood sugar balance
4. Reproduction

Question 22

How do hormones signal a cell?

Answer 22

By binding to the target cells specific receptors

- lock and key

Question 23

What are 3 examples of combined hormone actions?

Answer 23

1. Synergism
2. Permissiveness
3. Antagonism

Question 24

Synergism

Answer 24

Combinations of hormones acting together to have a greater effect on a target cell than the sum of the effects that each would have if acting alone

Question 25

Permissiveness

Answer 25

A small amount of one hormones allows a second one to have its full effect on a target cell

Question 26

Antagonism

Answer 26

One hormone produces that opposite effects of another hormones

Question 27

When is antagonism used?

Answer 27

To fine tune the activity of target cells with great accuracy