A&P - Chapter 25 (Part 1) Flashcards
What is the second greatest controlling system of the body?
Endocrine system
What general functions does the endocrine system perform similarly to?
Nervous system
What are 3 examples of functions performed by the endocrine system (similar to the nervous system)?
- Communication
- Integration
- Control
What are the neuroendocrine system functions carry out by?
Specialized glands that secrete chemicals (hormones) into the blood to be carried to target tissues or target organs
Where are endocrine glands located?
Widely scattered throughout the body
How is the endocrine system different from the nervous system? (2)
- It is slower
2. Long lasting effect
Where do endocrine glands secrete their hormones?
Into intercellular spaces
Where do hormones diffuse into?
Blood
- which transports them throughout the body
What are 2 different glands in the body?
- Exocrine
2. Endocrine
Exocrine
Glands that secrete hormones through ducts
What are examples of exocrine ducts? (2)
- Sweat glands
2. Salivary glands
When do endocrine glands produce/secrete hormones?
When it is needed
- not normally stored
- typically produce more than needed
How are hormones excreted/broken down by?
The kidneys
How can hormones be classified? (2)
- General function
2. Chemical structures
What are 3 classifications for general functions?
- Tropic hormones
- Sex hormones
- Anabolic hormones
What are 2 classification by chemical structures?
- Steroidal hormones
- lipid or fat soluble - Non-steroidal hormones
- amino acid/protein)
What do tropic hormones target?
Other endocrine glands and stimulate their growth and secretion
What do sex hormones target?
Reproductive tissues
What do anabolic hormones stimulate?
Anabolism in target cells
What do hormones have?
Specific target cells that they can affect
What are hormones the main regulators of? (4)
- Metabolism
- Growth and development
- Calcium and blood sugar balance
- Reproduction
How do hormones signal a cell?
By binding to the target cells specific receptors
- lock and key
What are 3 examples of combined hormone actions?
- Synergism
- Permissiveness
- Antagonism
Synergism
Combinations of hormones acting together to have a greater effect on a target cell than the sum of the effects that each would have if acting alone
Permissiveness
A small amount of one hormones allows a second one to have its full effect on a target cell
Antagonism
One hormone produces that opposite effects of another hormones
When is antagonism used?
To fine tune the activity of target cells with great accuracy
