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Anatomy & Physiology > A&P - Chapter 7 (Part 2) > Flashcards

A&P - Chapter 7 (Part 2) Flashcards

1
Q

What phase is a cell in when it is not actively dividing?

A

Interphase

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2
Q

What are the stages of cell growth? (3)

A
  1. G1
  2. S
  3. G2
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3
Q

What process is it when a cell is actively dividing?

A

Mitosis

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4
Q

How many chromosomes do humans have?

A

46

- 23 pairs

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5
Q

What process does every cell go through?

A

Mitosis

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6
Q

What process is not necessary for every cell?

A

Meiosis

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7
Q

What does a cell need to do before it divides?

A

Make a copy of its DNA so that is can be equally shared among the daughter cells

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8
Q

DNA replication

A

Is a process by which each half of a DNA molecule becomes a whole molecule identical to the original DNA molecule

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9
Q

How does DNA replication work? (2)

A
  1. DNA unwinds and separates its base pairs

2. Those base pairs attract its complementary bases until the strand is whole again

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10
Q

What are 2 forms of cell reproduction?

A
  1. Mitosis

2. Meiosis

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11
Q

What are the 4 stages of mitosis?

A
  1. Prophase
  2. Metaphase
  3. Anaphase
  4. Telophase
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12
Q

What happens in prophase? (5)

A
  1. Chromatin granules become organized to form chromosomes
  2. Chromosomes form a pair link strand
    - chromatid
  3. Centrioles move away from each other to opposite ends of the parent cell
  4. Spindle fibres form between the centrioles
  5. The nuclear envelope disappears, freeing genetic material
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13
Q

Chromatids

A

One copy of a newly copied chromosome which is still joined to the original copy by a single centromere. Its main function is to keep the proper DNA count where it needs to be

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14
Q

Centrioles

A

Are tube like organelles that help organize microtubules in dividing/replication

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15
Q

What happens in metaphase? (4)

A
  1. The nuclear envelope and nucleolus have disappeared
  2. Chromatids align across the centre of each cell
  3. Centrioles have moved to opposite ends
  4. Spindle fibres attach themselves to the centromeres
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16
Q

What happens in anaphase? (5)

A
  1. Centromeres break apart
  2. Chromatids are separated
    - chromosomes
  3. Chromosomes are pulled to opposite ends of the cell
  4. Cleavage furrow develops at the end of anaphase
  5. Begins to divide cells into 2 daughter cells
    - cytokinesis
17
Q

What are separated chromatids called?

A

Chromosomes

18
Q

Cytokinesis

A

Cytoplasmic division of a cell at the end of mitosis or meiosis, bringing about the separation into two daughter cells

19
Q

What happens in telophase? (5)

A
  1. Cell division is completed
  2. Nuclei appear in each daughter cells
  3. Nuclear envelope and nucleoli appear
  4. Cytoplasm and organelles divide equally
  5. Daughter cells grow and become fully functional
20
Q

Meiosis

A

Is the process by which the diploid number of chromosomes in the immature cells is reduced to the haploid number of chromosomes found in mature sex cells

21
Q

What are mature sex cells called?

A

Gametes

22
Q

What are 2 examples of gametes?

A
  1. Sperm

2. Ovum

23
Q

What will lead to a zygote?

A

Fertilization of an ovum and sperm

24
Q

Zygote

A

A diploid cell resulting from the fusion of two haploid gametes
- fertilized ovum

25
Q

How many chromosomes will a zygote have?

A

23 from each parent

26
Q

What happens in both mitosis and meiosis?

A

DNA replication

27
Q

How many times does mitosis divide?

A

Once

28
Q

How many times does meiosis divide?

A

Twice

29
Q

Does mitosis have synapsis?

A

No

30
Q

Does meiosis have synapsis?

A

Yes

31
Q

What is the number of daughter cells in mitosis?

A

2

32
Q

What is the number of daughter cells in meiosis?

A

4

33
Q

What is the chromosome number in mitosis?

A

2n

34
Q

What is the chromosome number in meiosis?

A

4n

35
Q

What does mitosis produce?

A

Somatic cells

36
Q

What does meiosis produce?

A

Sex cells

- gametes

Anatomy & Physiology (123 decks)

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