A&P - Chapter 18 (Part 2)

Question 1

What are 2 types of cells found in the nervous system?

Answer 1

1. Glial/neuroglial cells

2. Neurons

Question 2

What kind of cells are glial cells?

Answer 2

Supporting cells

Question 3

What kind of cells are neurons?

Answer 3

Nerve cells

Question 4

What do glial cells do?

Answer 4

Provide support and protection for the nervous system

Question 5

What do glial cells play a role in?

Answer 5

In regulating function and structure of neurons

• act like glue
• binds cells of the nervous tissue together

Question 6

What do glial cells not do?

Answer 6

Transmit nerve impulses

Question 7

How many times more abundant are glial cells compared to neurons?

Answer 7

5x

Question 8

What are 5 major types of glial cells?

Answer 8

1. Astrocytes
2. Microglia
3. Ependymal cells
4. Oligodendrocytes
5. Schwann cells

Question 9

What major types of glial cells are considered part of the CNS? (4)

Answer 9

1. Astrocytes
2. Microglia
3. Ependymal cells
4. Oligodendrocytes

Question 10

What major types of glial cells are considered part of the PNS?

Answer 10

Schwann cells

Question 11

Astro

Answer 11

Star

Question 12

Cyte

Answer 12

Cell

Question 13

What is the relative size of astrocytes compared to glia?

Answer 13

Larger

Question 14

Astrocytes

Answer 14

Cell extensions that wrap around and secure small blood vessels to neurons

Question 15

Are astrocytes part of the blood brain barrier?

Answer 15

Yes

Question 16

Blood brain barrier

Answer 16

Separates blood from brain tissue and protects the brain from harmful substances that may be in the blood

Question 17

Micro

Answer 17

Small

Question 18

What is the relative size of microglia cells compared to glia?

Answer 18

Smaller

Question 19

What do microglia cells act as?

Answer 19

The first and main form of active immune defence for CNS tissue
- macrophages

Question 20

What do macrophages do?

Answer 20

Decrease inflammation and/or destroy any harmful substance to prevent potentially fatal damage to the sensitive CNS tissue

Question 21

What is the motility of microglia?

Answer 21

Usually stationary

Question 22

When will microglia move?

Answer 22

When they sense any trouble (eg. tissue of the CNS is damaged or inflamed) they will quickly response by enlarging and moving around

Question 23

What do ependymal cells resemble?

Answer 23

Epithelial cells

Question 24

What do ependymal cells form?

Answer 24

Thin sheets that line fluid-filled cavities in the CNS

Question 25

What do some ependymal cells produce?

Answer 25

Fluid

Question 26

What do some ependymal cells aid in?

Answer 26

Circulation of fluid

Question 27

Oligo

Answer 27

Few or scanty

Question 28

Dendro

Answer 28

Branches

Question 29

What do oligodendrocytes help with?

Answer 29

Holding neurons together by extending its branches to the axon of neurons

Question 30

How many branches can oligodendrocytes wrap around?

Answer 30

Up to 50 axons

Question 31

What do oligodendrocytes form?

Answer 31

A myelin sheath of axons in the CNS

Question 32

Myelin

Answer 32

Is a fatty substance that electrically insulates axons

Question 33

What is myelin essential for?

Answer 33

Proper function of the nervous system and nerve impulse conduction