A&P - Chapter 35 (Part 3) Flashcards
What is the function of the trachea?
Passageway for air to move to and from lungs
What does the ciliated mucosal lining do?
Traps airborne irritants
What does complete occlusion of the airway cause in minutes?
Death
How many deaths occur in the US from tracheal obstructions?
4000+
What is the Heimlich maneuver?
Is a lifesaving technique used in cases of tracheal obstruction
How does the trachea branch?
Into right and left bronchi (primary bronchi) which lead into right and left lungs
How does the bronchi branch once in the lung?
Each primary bronchi branches into increasingly smaller secondary bronchi which eventually lead to bronchioles
How many levels of branching bronchi are there?
23
What kind of muscle are in the walls of bronchioles?
Smooth muscle
- no rings of cartilage
What do bronchioles divide into?
Microscopic tubes called alveolar ducts
- look like the stem of a bunch of grapes
What are the alveolar ducts are the end of each cluster of bronchioles called?
Alveolar sacs
- cluster fo grapes
What are the walls of the alveolar sacs made of?
Alveoli
How many alveoli’s do you have per lung?
Millions
What is the function of bronchi and bronchioles
Are passage ways for air to move to and from alveoli
What is the function of alveoli?
Site of exchange of O2 and CO2 between blood in lung capillaries and air in alveoli
Describe the walls of alveoli
Thin walls that are made up of single layers of cells
What is alveoli in direct contact with?
The blood capillary bed
Alveoli and respiratory membrane
Thin membrane that lies between the blood in the capillaries and the air in each alveolus
What is the alveoli and respiratory membrane covered with?
Surfactant
Surfactant
A substance that reduces surface tension to prevent collapse of alveoli as air moves in & out
Where do the lungs fill?
Fill chest cavity (except mediastinum); from diaphragm to above the clavicles
How many lobes are in the right lobe?
Three lobes
How many lobes are in the left lobe?
Two lobes
What happens at the hilum of the lungs?
It is where the primary bronchi and pulmonary blood vessels enter
Where do the lungs rest on?
The diaphragm
Where is the base of the lungs?
Broad lower part of each lung
Where is the apex of the lungs?
Narrow upper part of each lung
- under the collarbone
Pleura
Moist, smooth, slippery membrane that lines chest cavity and covers outer surface of lungs
What makes up the pleura?
- Parietal
- Visceral
- Intrapleural space
What does the parietal of the lungs do?
Lines walls of thoracic cavity
What does the visceral of the lungs do?
Covers the lungs
Intrapleural space
Lies between parietal and visceral
Pleurisy
Inflammation of the pleura
Pneumothorax
Collapsed lung
What is pneumothroax due to?
The presence of air in the intrapleural space on one side of the chest
What happens in the pneumothorax?
The air increases the pressure on that side of the lung, causing it to collapse
What is the function of the lungs?
Pulmonary ventilation
- breathing
What is the function of the pleura?
Reduces friction between the lungs and chest wall during breathing
