A&P - Chapter 26 (Part 6) Flashcards
What does glucagon and insulin do?
They work together to maintain blood sugar balance
- they have opposite effects
What is glucagon produced by?
Alpha cells
What does glucagon do?
It increases blood glucose by accelerating liver glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis
What is insulin produced by?
Beta cells
What does insulin do?
Decreases blood glucose by accelerating the movement of glucose out of the blood
What are the 2 types of diabetes?
- Type 1
- insulin dependant - Type 2
- non insulin dependant
What happens in type 1 diabetes?
Islets dont secrete enough insulin
What does type 1 diabetes lead to?
Increased blood glucose levels
What happens in type 2 diabetes?
Combo of decreased insulin production and insulin resistance
What does type 2 diabetes lead to?
Increased blood glucose levels
What are gonads?
Paired organs within the scrotum
What do gonads produce?
Sperm
- male sex cells
What do gonads secrete?
Testosterone
What are 4 effects of testosterone?
- Maturation of external genitals
- Beard growth
- Voice changes at puberty
- Development of musculature and body contours typical of the male
What are 2 of the hormones secreted by the ovaries?
- Estrogen
2. Progesterone
What is estrogen secreted by?
Ovarian follicles
What does estrogen promote?
Development and maintenance of female sexual characteristics
What is progesterone secreted by?
The corpus luteum
What does progesterone maintain?
The lining of the uterus
- necessary for successful pregnancy
What does ovarian hormone secretion depend on?
The changing levels of FSH and LH from the adenohypophysis
Placenta
Tissues that form on the lining of the uterus as a connection between the circulatory systems of the mother and developing child
What does the placenta serve as?
A temporary endocrine gland
What does the placenta produce? (3)
- Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
- Estrogens
- Progesterone
Where is the thymus gland located?
In the mediastinum just under the sternum
What are cortex and medulla layers primary made of?
WBC
What does the thymus secretes?
Thymosin
What does thymosin stimulate?
The development of T cells
- cell mediated immunity
When does the thymus begin to get smaller?
At puberty
Why is the thyroid mostly consist of in the elderly? (2)
- Fat
2. Fibrous tissue
What does the mucous lining of the GI tract contain?
Cells that produce both endocrine and exocrine secretions
What does gastrin, secretin and cholecystokinin play a role in?
Regulating roles in coordinating the secretory and motor activities involved in the digestive process
Ghrelin (GHRL)
Appetite boosting hormone secreted by endocrine cells in the gastric mucosa as well as well as pancreatic islets
What are atrial natriuretic hormone (ANH) produced by?
Atrial cells of the heart
What does ANH promote?
Loss of sodium
What does ANH do?
Decreases blood pressure
