A&P - Chapter 26 (Part 6)

Question 1

What does glucagon and insulin do?

Answer 1

They work together to maintain blood sugar balance

- they have opposite effects

Question 2

What is glucagon produced by?

Answer 2

Alpha cells

Question 3

What does glucagon do?

Answer 3

It increases blood glucose by accelerating liver glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis

Question 4

What is insulin produced by?

Answer 4

Beta cells

Question 5

What does insulin do?

Answer 5

Decreases blood glucose by accelerating the movement of glucose out of the blood

Question 6

What are the 2 types of diabetes?

Answer 6

1. Type 1
   - insulin dependant
2. Type 2
   - non insulin dependant

Question 7

What happens in type 1 diabetes?

Answer 7

Islets dont secrete enough insulin

Question 8

What does type 1 diabetes lead to?

Answer 8

Increased blood glucose levels

Question 9

What happens in type 2 diabetes?

Answer 9

Combo of decreased insulin production and insulin resistance

Question 10

What does type 2 diabetes lead to?

Answer 10

Increased blood glucose levels

Question 11

What are gonads?

Answer 11

Paired organs within the scrotum

Question 12

What do gonads produce?

Answer 12

Sperm

- male sex cells

Question 13

What do gonads secrete?

Answer 13

Testosterone

Question 14

What are 4 effects of testosterone?

Answer 14

1. Maturation of external genitals
2. Beard growth
3. Voice changes at puberty
4. Development of musculature and body contours typical of the male

Question 15

What are 2 of the hormones secreted by the ovaries?

Answer 15

1. Estrogen

2. Progesterone

Question 16

What is estrogen secreted by?

Answer 16

Ovarian follicles

Question 17

What does estrogen promote?

Answer 17

Development and maintenance of female sexual characteristics

Question 18

What is progesterone secreted by?

Answer 18

The corpus luteum

Question 19

What does progesterone maintain?

Answer 19

The lining of the uterus

- necessary for successful pregnancy

Question 20

What does ovarian hormone secretion depend on?

Answer 20

The changing levels of FSH and LH from the adenohypophysis

Question 21

Placenta

Answer 21

Tissues that form on the lining of the uterus as a connection between the circulatory systems of the mother and developing child

Question 22

What does the placenta serve as?

Answer 22

A temporary endocrine gland

Question 23

What does the placenta produce? (3)

Answer 23

1. Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
2. Estrogens
3. Progesterone

Question 24

Where is the thymus gland located?

Answer 24

In the mediastinum just under the sternum

Question 25

What are cortex and medulla layers primary made of?

Answer 25

WBC

Question 26

What does the thymus secretes?

Answer 26

Thymosin

Question 27

What does thymosin stimulate?

Answer 27

The development of T cells

- cell mediated immunity

Question 28

When does the thymus begin to get smaller?

Answer 28

At puberty

Question 29

Why is the thyroid mostly consist of in the elderly? (2)

Answer 29

1. Fat

2. Fibrous tissue

Question 30

What does the mucous lining of the GI tract contain?

Answer 30

Cells that produce both endocrine and exocrine secretions

Question 31

What does gastrin, secretin and cholecystokinin play a role in?

Answer 31

Regulating roles in coordinating the secretory and motor activities involved in the digestive process

Question 32

Ghrelin (GHRL)

Answer 32

Appetite boosting hormone secreted by endocrine cells in the gastric mucosa as well as well as pancreatic islets

Question 33

What are atrial natriuretic hormone (ANH) produced by?

Answer 33

Atrial cells of the heart

Question 34

What does ANH promote?

Answer 34

Loss of sodium

Question 35

What does ANH do?

Answer 35

Decreases blood pressure