A&P - Chapter 27 (Part 2) Flashcards
What is dependant on hemoglobin? (2)
- Transport
2. Exchange of O2 and CO2 between blood and cells
What does Hb transport ? (2)
- O2 and oxyhemoglobin
2. CO2 as carbaminohemoglobin
How many globulin chains are there in Hb?
4
What do the globulin chains attach onto?
The heme groups
Anemia
Inability of the blood to carry adequate oxygen to body cells
When can anemia occur? (2)
- Deficiency of RBCs
- Deficiency of Hb
- even if there are adequate numbers of RBCs
What are 6 types of anemia?
- Aplastic anemia
- Pernicious anemia
- Folate deficiency anemia
- Blood loss or hemorrhagic anemia
- Iron deficiency anemia
- Sickle cell anemia
What types of anemia is related to the number of RBCs? (4)
- Aplastic anemia
- Pernicious anemia
- Folate deficiency anemia
- Blood loss or hemorrhagic anemia
What types of anemia is related to Hb? (2)
- Iron deficiency anemia
2. Sickle cell anemia
Aplastic anemia
Decreased numbers of RBCs following destruction of hemopoietic elements in the bone marrow
Why does aplastic anemia occur? (4)
- Toxins
- Certain drugs
- High dose irradiation
- Chemotherapy
How can you treat aplastic anemia?
Bone marrow transplants
Pernicious anemia
Decrease numbers of RBC
What causes pernicious anemia? (2)
- Dietary deficiency of B12
2. Deficiency of intrinsic factor
What does deficiency of the intrinsic factor lead to?
Decreased absorption of vitamin B12
What is required for RBC production?
Vitamin B12
What can happen if pernicious anemia is not treated?
It can be fatal
Folate deficiency anemia
Decrease in RBCs
- similar to pernicious anemia
What causes folate deficiency anemia?
Due to folate (folic acid) deficiency
What is folate deficiency anemia common amoung? (2)
- Alcoholics
2. Malnourished
Blood loss/hemorrhagic anemia
Decreased RBC numbers caused by hemorrhage
Iron deficiency anemia
Deficiency of Hb
- due to iron deficiency
How will someone feel if they have iron deficiency anemia?
Tired all the time
How can iron deficiency anemia be treated?
Supplementation
Sickle cell anemia
Severe and sometimes fatal genetic disease
- especially if gene is inherited from both parents
What is sickle cell anemia caused by?
Abnormal type of Hb that forms solid crystals when blood oxygen is low
What does sickle cell anemia cause?
RBC shape to become distorted
What happens when a RBC is distorted in shape?
It is no longer functioning properly
What never leaves the body?
Heavy metals
What is the only heavy metal that leaves the body?
Iron
