A&P - Chapter 27 (Part 1) Flashcards

1
Q

What kind of tissue is blood?

A

A liquid connective tissue

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2
Q

What does blood provide? (2)

A
  1. A pick up and delivery system in the body

2. Heat regulation mechanism for the body

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3
Q

What 2 basic components make up the blood?

A
  1. Plasma
    - liquid component
  2. Formed elements
    - cells
    - suspended in plasma
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4
Q

What percentage of the average adults body weight is made up of blood?

A

8%

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5
Q

Blood plasma

A

Liquid portion of the blood

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6
Q

What percent does blood plasma make up in volume?

A

55%

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7
Q

What is blood also known as?

A

Blood minus its formed elements

- non living

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8
Q

What is the composition of the blood plasma? (6)

A
  1. Primarily water
  2. Nutrients
  3. O2
  4. Salts
  5. Hormones
  6. Waste products
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9
Q

What are considered the most abundant solutes in the blood?

A

Plasma proteins

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10
Q

What are 4 plasma proteins?

A
  1. Albumins
  2. Globulins
  3. Fibrinogen
  4. Prothrombin
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11
Q

What do albumins do? (2)

A
  1. Help thicken

2. Maintain blood volume

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12
Q

What do globulins include?

A

Antibodies

- help protect us against infections

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13
Q

What are fibrinogen critical for?

A

Blood clotting

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14
Q

What are prothrombin critical for?

A

Blood clotting

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15
Q

Blood serum

A

Blood plasma minus clotting factors

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16
Q

What does the blood serum still contain?

A

Antibodies

17
Q

What is the average amount of blood in the human?

A

4-6 L

18
Q

What is the normal pH of the blood?

A

7.35-7.45

19
Q

What are the 3 main types of formed elements?

A
  1. Red blood cells
    - erythrocytes
  2. White blood cells
    - leukocytes
  3. Platelets
    - thrombocytes
20
Q

Hematocrit test

A

A centrifuge is used to separate whole blood into formed elements (packed cell volume or hematocrit) and a liquid fraction (plasma)

21
Q

What is the buffy coat made from? (2)

A
  1. WBC

2. Platelet fraction

22
Q

What percentage is normal RBC level?

A

45%

23
Q

What can affect the results of a hematocrit test?

A

Hydration

- eg. dehydration

24
Q

What happens when you are dehydrated for a hematocrit test?

A

The total blood volume decreases but the RBC number stays the same

25
Q

What is the most numerous for formed elements in the blood?

A

RBC

26
Q

What is the shape of the RBCs?

A

Tiny biconcave disks

27
Q

What does the shape of the RBC do?

A

It increases surface area to maximize function

28
Q

What do RBCs not contain? (2)

A
  1. Nuclei

2. Organelles

29
Q

What is the primary component of blood?

A

Hemoglobin protein

30
Q

What is the lifespan of a RBC?

A

4 months