A&P - Chapter 17 (Part 4)

Question 1

What kind of contractions produce movement at a joint?

Answer 1

Isotonic contractions

Question 2

What happens in isotonic contractions?

Answer 2

Muscle changes length, but the tension is the same

Question 3

What are 2 types of isotonic contractions?

Answer 3

1. Concentric contraction

2. Eccentric contraction

Question 4

Concentric contraction

Answer 4

Muscle shortens as it contracts

- insertion end of the muscle moves towards the point of origin

Question 5

Eccentric contraction

Answer 5

Muscle lengthens while contracting

- produces tension so insertion moves away from point of origin

Question 6

What type of movement are most types of body movements?

Answer 6

Isotonic contractions

Question 7

Isometric contractions

Answer 7

Tension within muscle increases but muscle doesnt shorten

- no movement

Question 8

What is an example of isometric contractions?

Answer 8

Pushing against a wall

Question 9

Iso

Answer 9

Same

Question 10

Metric

Answer 10

Length/measure

Question 11

What is relatively the same regardless of whether muscle is contracted or relaxed in isometric contractions?

Answer 11

Muscle length

Question 12

What does repeated isometric contractions do?

Answer 12

Muscles stronger

Question 13

What improves muscle tone and posture?

Answer 13

Regular, properly practiced exercise

Question 14

What does regular, properly practiced exercise result in? (4)

Answer 14

1. More efficient heat and lung functions
2. Reduces fatigue
3. Helps muscle tissue develop
4. Helps maintain a healthy weight

Question 15

Do muscles or fat have a higher metabolic rate?

Answer 15

Muscles

Question 16

What is muscles change related to?

Answer 16

The amount of work they do

Question 17

Atrophy

Answer 17

Prolonged inactivity causes disuse

Question 18

Hypertrophy

Answer 18

Regular exercise increases muscle size

Question 19

Strength training

Answer 19

Exercise involving contractions of muscles against heavy resistance

Question 20

What is an example of strength training? (3)

Answer 20

1. Weight lifting
2. Squats
3. Planking

Question 21

What happens to the muscle fibres during strength training?

Answer 21

Increases number of myofilaments in each muscle fibre

- doesnt increase the number of muscle fibres

Question 22

What happens to the total mass of the muscle in strength training?

Answer 22

Increases it

Question 23

Endurance training

Answer 23

Exercise that increases a muscle’s ability to sustain moderate exercise over long periods of time

Question 24

What is endurance training sometimes called?

Answer 24

Aerobic training

Question 25

What does endurance training allow? (2)

Answer 25

1. More effective delivery of oxygen and nutrients to a muscle via increased blood flow
2. Increases the number of mitochondria and blood vessels in a muscle

Question 26

What does the cardiac muscle mostly compose?

Answer 26

The bulk of the heart

Question 27

Intercalated disks

Answer 27

Cells that branch frequently and are joined to each other by unique dark bands

Question 28

What do intercalated disks enable?

Answer 28

Interconnected nature of cardiac muscle cells allowing heart to contract efficiently as a unit

Question 29

What kind of control is cardiac muscle?

Answer 29

Involuntary

Question 30

What do cardiac muscle contain? (2)

Answer 30

1. Many nuclei
   - centrally located
2. Loaded with mitochondria
   - doesnt get tired (lots of energy)

Question 31

What is smooth muscle also called? (3)

Answer 31

1. Non-striated
2. Involuntary
3. Visceral muscle

Question 32

What do smooth muscles line? (3)

Answer 32

1. Digestive tract
2. Blood vessels
3. Ureters

Question 33

What kind of control do smooth muscles have?

Answer 33

Involuntary

Question 34

What does muscle functioning depend on? (2)

Answer 34

1. Bones and joints

2. Respiratory, circulatory, nervous and skeletal systems

Question 35

What are examples of diseases that can negatively affect our ability to move? (4)

Answer 35

1. MS
2. Stroke
3. Spinal cord injury
4. Arthritis