A&P - Chapter 28 (Part 2) Flashcards
How many valves does the heart have?
4
What are the 2 different types of valves?
- Atrioventricular valves
- 2 AV nodes - Semilunar valves
- 2 SL valves
What do AV valves separate?
Atria from ventricles
What do AV valves prevent?
Blood from flowing back into the atria from the ventricles when the ventricles contact
What are 2 types of AV valves?
- Tricuspid valve
2. Bicuspid/mitral valve
Where is the tricuspid valve?
On the right side of the heart
- 3 flaps
Where is the bicuspid/mitral valve?
On the left side of the heart
- 2 flaps
What does the chordae tendinae attach?
AV valves to the wall of the heart
What are the 2 types SL valves?
- Pulmonary SL valves
2. Aortic SL valve
Where are the pulmonary SL valves? (2)
- At the entrance of the pulmonary artery/trunk
2. Between the right ventricles and pulmonary artery
Where are the aortic SL valve? (2)
- At the entrance of the aorta
2. Between the left ventricle and the aorta
What does the heart act as?
2 Separate pumps
- RA/RV perform different functions from the LA/LV
Atrial systole
With each heart beat, the LA and RA contracts simultaneously to fill the LV and RV with blood
Ventricular systole
With each heart beat, the LV and RV contract simultaneously
What does the pulmonary circulation do?
Bring blood from the right ventricle to the lungs
What does the systemic circulation do?
Bring blood from the left ventricle to the body
Coronary circulation
Blood supply to the heart muscle
What does a constantly working cardiac muscle need?
A constant supply of oxygen and nutrient rich blood
What are the first branches of the aorta?
Coronary arteries
What do the coronary arteries supply?
Blood that supplies oxygen and nutrients to the myocardium
Where does the most abundant blood supply go?
To the myocardium of the left ventricle
What do coronary veins do?
Return blood to the right atrium
What is another word for a heart attack?
Myocardial infarction
- MI
Heart attack
Blockage of blood flow through the coronary arteries
Angina pectoris
Chest pain caused by inadequate oxygen of the heart
Coronary bypass surgery
Veins from other parts of the body are used to bypass blockages in coronary arteries
What cant be repaired?
Arteries
What kind of movement does myocardium do?
Autorhythmic
Autorhythmic
Can produce its own action potentials
What is changes in rhythm of myocardial contracting controlled by?
Motor neuron pathways of both efferent divisions of the autonomic nervous system
