A&P - Chapter 3 (Part 3)

Question 1

Organic molecules

Answer 1

Contain at least one carbon atom and at least one carbon-carbon covalent bonds and/or carbon-hydrogen covalent bond in each molecule

Question 2

Inorganic molecules

Answer 2

Have few carbon atoms and do not have carbon-carbon or carbon-hydrogen bonds

Question 3

What are 2 examples of inorganic molecules?

Answer 3

1. Water

2. Some acids, bases and salts

Question 4

What molecule is the most abundant and important compound in the human body? Why?

Answer 4

Water

- has unique properties that make it important to all bodily functions

Question 5

What are the 4 properties of water?

Answer 5

1. Polarity
2. Solvent
3. High specific heat
4. High heat of vaporization

Question 6

Polarity

Answer 6

Allows water to act as an effective solvent in the body

- it ionizes substances in solution

Question 7

Solvent

Answer 7

Allows transportation of essential materials throughout the body

Question 8

High specific heat

Answer 8

Water can lose or gain large amounts of heat with little change in its own temperature
- how much heat goes in to make it 1 deg warmer

Question 9

What does high specific heat enable?

Answer 9

It enables the body to maintain a relatively constant temperature

Question 10

High heat of vaporization

Answer 10

Water requires the absorption of significant amounts of heat to change it from a liquid to a gas
- allows the body to dissipate excess heat

Question 11

Why do you drink lots of fluids when you have a fever?

Answer 11

You want to pee and it will change the temperature in your body
- you are releasing heat so your body will cool down

Question 12

Dehydration synthesis

Answer 12

Water is removed from small molecules so they can be strung together to form a larger molecule

Question 13

Hydrolysis

Answer 13

Water is added to the subunits of a large molecule to break it apart into smaller molecules

Question 14

What 2 molecules are closely related to cellular respiration?

Answer 14

1. Oxygen

2. Carbon dioxide

Question 15

What is oxygen required for?

Answer 15

To complete decomposition reactions necessary for the release of energy in the body

Question 16

What does carbon dioxide do? (2)

Answer 16

1. Produces a waste product

2. Helps maintain the appropriate acid-base balance in the body

Question 17

Electrolyte

Answer 17

A molecule that dissociates or breaks apart, in water to form individual ions
- an ionic compound

Question 18

What solvent do ionic compounds normally dissolve in? What does it result in

Answer 18

1. Water

2. Results in a dissociation and forms free ions that are electrically charged

Question 19

What do water molecules form when they are dissociated?

Answer 19

Equal amounts of hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions

Question 20

Acid

Answer 20

Substance the shifts the H+/OH- balance in favour of the H+

- has more H+

Question 21

Base

Answer 21

Substance that shifts the H+/OH- balance against H+

- has less H+

Question 22

What is another word for base?

Answer 22

Alkaline

Question 23

pH

Answer 23

Is a mathematical expression/unit of measurement used to express the H+ concentration of a solution

Question 24

What is the range of pH for an acid?

Answer 24

1-6

Question 25

What is the range of pH for a base?

Answer 25

8-14

Question 26

What is the range of pH for a neutral?

Answer 26

7

Question 27

What is the most basic part in your body?

Answer 27

Pancreas

Question 28

What is the most acidic part in your body?

Answer 28

Stomach

Question 29

Buffers

Answer 29

Are chemical systems that absorb excess acids and bases and thus maintain relatively stable pH (homeostasis)

Question 30

Neutralization

Answer 30

Occurs when strong acid and strong bases are mixed and form salts and waters
- eg) HCl + NaOH –> H2O + NaCl

Question 31

What do strong acids do when they are put in water?

Answer 31

They completely dissociate

Question 32

What do weak acids do when they are put into water?

Answer 32

They do not completely dissociate

- partially ionize