A&P - Chapter 29 (Part 2)

Question 1

What do capillaries connect?

Answer 1

Venules and arterioles

Question 2

How many layers make up the capillaries?

Answer 2

1

Question 3

What layer makes up the capillaries?

Answer 3

The tunica intima

• extremely thin
• flat epithelial cells

Question 4

What do capillaries allow?

Answer 4

Substances to quickly pass through the wall

Question 5

How do arteries distribute nutrients and gases throughout the body?

Answer 5

With movement of blood under high pressure

Question 6

What assists in maintaining the arterial blood pressure? (2)

Answer 6

1. Constricting

2. Dilating

Question 7

What can veins/venules act as? Why?

Answer 7

1. Reservoirs

2. Because they are low pressure vessels

Question 8

What can veins do?

Answer 8

Expand to hold a larger amount of blood

Question 9

What are the 4 types of circulation?

Answer 9

1. Systemic circulation
2. Pulmonary circulation
3. Hepatic portal circulation
4. Fetal circulation

Question 10

What does the systemic circulation do?

Answer 10

Carries blood throughout the body

Question 11

What does the pulmonary circulation do?

Answer 11

Carries blood to/from the lungs

Question 12

What kind of blood is in the pulmonary arteries?

Answer 12

Deoxygenated

Question 13

What kind of blood is in the pulmonary veins?

Answer 13

Oxygenated

Question 14

What happens in the lungs during the pulmonary circulation?

Answer 14

Exchange of gases

- gets oxygenated

Question 15

What does the hepatic circulation do?

Answer 15

It is a unique blood route through the liver

Question 16

What blood from veins do not go directly into the IVC? (5)

Answer 16

1. Spleen
2. Stomach
3. Pancreas
4. Gallbladder
5. Intestines

Question 17

How does the blood get sent to the liver?

Answer 17

Through the hepatic portal vein

Question 18

Where does blood go before re-entering the regular venous to the heart through the IVC?

Answer 18

Through the liver

- second capillary bed

Question 19

Where are the 2 capillary beds?

Answer 19

1. One is in the digestive organs

2. One is in the liver

Question 20

What does the hepatic circulation assist with?

Answer 20

Homeostasis of blood glucose levels

- liver cells store

Question 21

What function does the liver perform?

Answer 21

Detoxification

Question 22

What does the fetal circulation refer to?

Answer 22

Circulation before birth

Question 23

Why are modifications in the fetal circulation important?

Answer 23

Modifications required for fetus to efficiently secure oxygen and nutrients from material blood instead of its own lungs and organs which aren’t fully developed or functional

Question 24

What are 6 unique structures of fetal circulation?

Answer 24

1. Umbilical arteries
   - umbilical cord
2. Placenta
3. Umbilical vein
   - umbilical cord
4. Ductus venosus
5. Foramen ovale
6. Ductus arteriosus

Question 25

What do the umbilical arteries do?

Answer 25

They carry oxygen poor blood from the developing fetus to the placenta

Question 26

How many umbilical arteries are there?

Answer 26

2

Question 27

What does the placenta attach to?

Answer 27

The uterine wall

Question 28

What does the placenta do?

Answer 28

It is the site of exchange of oxygen, nutrients, toxins and waste products between maternal and fetal blood

Question 29

What umbilical vessel is the largest?

Answer 29

The umbilical vein

Question 30

What does the umbilical vein do?

Answer 30

It carries oxygen rich blood from the placenta to the fetus

Question 31

What do the 2-3 branches of the umbilical veins at the fetal liver become?

Answer 31

Continues as the ductus venosus

Question 32

Ductus venosus

Answer 32

A continuation of the umbilical vein along the undersurface of the fetal liver

Question 33

What does the ductus venosus shunt?

Answer 33

Most of the blood returning from the placenta to the fetus past the fetus immature liver into the IVC